Question 1

Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organisation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism 
B)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism 
C)  Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism 
D)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism 
A)  Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism 
B)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism 
C)  Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism 
D)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism D

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in a population vary in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are adapted to their environments. 
A)  Individuals in a population vary in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are adapted to their environments. C

Question 3

All the organisms on your campus make up ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an ecosystem 
B)  a community 
C)  a population 
D)  a taxonomic domain 
A)  an ecosystem 
B)  a community 
C)  a population 
D)  a taxonomic domain B

Question 4

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  technology 
B)  deductive science 
C)  inductive science 
D)  pure science 
A)  technology 
B)  deductive science 
C)  inductive science 
D)  pure science

Question 5

Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. 
B)  If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. 
C)  If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. 
D)  If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. 
A)  If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. 
B)  If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. 
C)  If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. 
D)  If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

Question 6

Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?

Accepted Answer

A)  How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet? 
B)  Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution? 
C)  Who invented the telescope? 
D)  How many tigers are left in India? 
A)  How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet? 
B)  Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution? 
C)  Who invented the telescope? 
D)  How many tigers are left in India?

Question 7

A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  testing a theory for why the car will not start 
B)  making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not start 
C)  stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable prediction 
D)  comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not start 
A)  testing a theory for why the car will not start 
B)  making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not start 
C)  stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable prediction 
D)  comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not start

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus. 
A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.

Question 9

As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  DNA double helix 
D)  A and B 
A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  DNA double helix 
D)  A and B

Question 10

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. 
B)  Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. 
C)  Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. 
D)  Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results. 
A)  Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. 
B)  Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. 
C)  Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. 
D)  Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results.

Question 11

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

Accepted Answer

A)  near universality of the genetic code 
B)  structure of the nucleus 
C)  structure of cilia 
D)  structure of chloroplasts 
A)  near universality of the genetic code 
B)  structure of the nucleus 
C)  structure of cilia 
D)  structure of chloroplasts

Question 12

A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs then put at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Temperature } & \text { Day length } \
\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Springlike } \
\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Summerlike } \
\hline \text { Sumnerlike } & \text { Springlik } \
\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { Summerlike } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oak leaves. Thus, there was a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
-
Recall that in the experiment, caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers and caterpillars born in the summer looked like twigs. What is the most likely selective advantage for this difference in body shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environment more efficiently. 
B)  Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than those shaped like flowers. 
C)  Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducing predation. 
D)  Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this would increase their growth rate and survival rate. 
A)  Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environment more efficiently. 
B)  Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than those shaped like flowers. 
C)  Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducing predation. 
D)  Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this would increase their growth rate and survival rate.

Question 13

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, from different sub-disciplines, and representing diverse cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking. 
B)  Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways. 
C)  This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results. 
D)  People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone has a right to an opinion in science. 
A)  Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking. 
B)  Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways. 
C)  This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results. 
D)  People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone has a right to an opinion in science.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fish swam in a zigzag motion. 
B)  The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds. 
C)  The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C. 
D)  The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks each. 
A)  The fish swam in a zigzag motion. 
B)  The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds. 
C)  The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C. 
D)  The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks each.

Question 15

A localised group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  community 
B)  population 
C)  ecosystem 
D)  family 
A)  community 
B)  population 
C)  ecosystem 
D)  family

Question 16

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more structurally complex 
B)  are larger 
C)  are smaller 
D)  do not have membranes 
A)  are more structurally complex 
B)  are larger 
C)  are smaller 
D)  do not have membranes

Question 17

The temperature at which a crocodile's egg is incubated will determine the sex of the offspring. The dependent and the independent variables in this experiment are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex of the baby crocodile and temperature, respectively 
B)  temperature and sex of the baby crocodile, respectively 
C)  size of the incubator and size of the baby crocodile, respectively 
D)  number of offspring and temperature in the incubator, respectively 
A)  sex of the baby crocodile and temperature, respectively 
B)  temperature and sex of the baby crocodile, respectively 
C)  size of the incubator and size of the baby crocodile, respectively 
D)  number of offspring and temperature in the incubator, respectively

Question 18

'A' is ________; 'B' is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group 'A' 
B)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
C)  the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea 
D)  the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
A)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group 'A' 
B)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
C)  the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea 
D)  the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya

Question 19

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumours. You determine that tumour formation requires a large amount of the plant's energy for tissue formation. How might this change the number of offspring a plant produces and what is the most likely explanation for this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of offspring should increase because in general, illness increases the reproductive output of organisms. 
B)  The number of offspring should increase because the bacteria will provide energy for the plant. 
C)  The number of offspring should decrease because the plant will divert energy from reproduction to tumour formation. 
D)  There should be no effect of infection on offspring production because energy for reproduction is independent of infection. 
A)  The number of offspring should increase because in general, illness increases the reproductive output of organisms. 
B)  The number of offspring should increase because the bacteria will provide energy for the plant. 
C)  The number of offspring should decrease because the plant will divert energy from reproduction to tumour formation. 
D)  There should be no effect of infection on offspring production because energy for reproduction is independent of infection.

Question 20

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are 'outliers' and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment. 
B)  Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the final work. 
C)  Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers. 
D)  Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results. 
A)  Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment. 
B)  Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the final work. 
C)  Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers. 
D)  Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.

Exam 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organisation?

Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?

All the organisms on your campus make up ________.

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.

Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?

A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ________.

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, from different sub-disciplines, and representing diverse cultures?

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

A localised group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a ________.

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.

The temperature at which a crocodile's egg is incubated will determine the sex of the offspring. The dependent and the independent variables in this experiment are ________.

'A' is ________; 'B' is ________.

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumours. You determine that tumour formation requires a large amount of the plant's energy for tissue formation. How might this change the number of offspring a plant produces and what is the most likely explanation for this change?

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are 'outliers' and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters

'A' is ; 'B' is .