Question 1

Plants convert ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy to mechanical energy 
B)  sunlight to mechanical energy 
C)  sunlight to chemical energy 
D)  mechanical energy to chemical energy 
A)  chemical energy to mechanical energy 
B)  sunlight to mechanical energy 
C)  sunlight to chemical energy 
D)  mechanical energy to chemical energy

Question 2

The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best termed as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype 
A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype

Question 3

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  analyse genomes from different species 
B)  simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units 
C)  understand the behaviour of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts 
D)  build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data 
A)  analyse genomes from different species 
B)  simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units 
C)  understand the behaviour of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts 
D)  build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data

Question 4

How does a 'scientific theory' differ from a 'scientific hypothesis'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories. 
A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.

Question 5

The phylogenetic tree ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  depicts that Archaea is closer to Bacteria than Eukarya 
B)  depicts that Eukarya is closer to Bacteria than Archaea 
C)  includes unicellular and some forms of multicellular life, but not complex animals and plants 
D)  includes every single life form on Earth 
A)  depicts that Archaea is closer to Bacteria than Eukarya 
B)  depicts that Eukarya is closer to Bacteria than Archaea 
C)  includes unicellular and some forms of multicellular life, but not complex animals and plants 
D)  includes every single life form on Earth

Question 6

Characters are transmitted from parents to offspring. ________ are the units of inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes 
B)  Proteins 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA 
A)  Genes 
B)  Proteins 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA

Question 7

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results → Experiment 
B)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis → Conclusion 
C)  Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
D)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
A)  Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results → Experiment 
B)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis → Conclusion 
C)  Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
D)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a model organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is often pictured in textbooks and is easy for students to imagine. 
B)  It is well studied, it is easy to grow, and results are widely applicable. 
C)  It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time. 
D)  It has been chosen for study by early biologists. 
A)  It is often pictured in textbooks and is easy for students to imagine. 
B)  It is well studied, it is easy to grow, and results are widely applicable. 
C)  It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time. 
D)  It has been chosen for study by early biologists.

Question 9

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive 
B)  look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins 
C)  determine if hair length is heritable 
D)  test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate 
A)  test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive 
B)  look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins 
C)  determine if hair length is heritable 
D)  test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

Question 10

Which of the following types of cells utilise deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

A)  animal 
B)  plant 
C)  archaean 
D)  fungi 
A)  animal 
B)  plant 
C)  archaean 
D)  fungi

Question 11

A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs then put at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Temperature } & \text { Day length } \
\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Springlike } \
\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Summerlike } \
\hline \text { Sumnerlike } & \text { Springlik } \
\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { Summerlike } \
\hline
\end{array}$$
In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oak leaves. Thus, there was a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).
-
Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the following hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The longer day length of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars. 
B)  Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. 
C)  Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. 
D)  The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flower-like caterpillars or all twig-like caterpillars. 
A)  The longer day length of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars. 
B)  Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. 
C)  Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. 
D)  The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flower-like caterpillars or all twig-like caterpillars.

Exam 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Plants convert ________.

The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best termed as ________.

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to ________.

How does a 'scientific theory' differ from a 'scientific hypothesis'?

The phylogenetic tree ________.

Characters are transmitted from parents to offspring. ________ are the units of inheritance.

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Which of the following best describes a model organism?

Which of the following types of cells utilise deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters