Exam 43: The Immune System

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus was due to the fact that ________.

An otherwise healthy student in your class was infected with EBV (the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis - commonly referred to as "glandular fever") when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. When she is exposed to EBV again later in life, she does not get sick or have any symptoms of mononucleosis. Which of the following statements explains why your class mate does not exhibit symptoms of EBV infection?

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by ________.

You and a friend were in line for a movie when you noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by ________. I. the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes II. antibody-mediated opsonisation of microbes III. the release of cytokines by activated B cells

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is occurring?

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Arrange in the correct sequence these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen. I. Pathogen is destroyed. II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. III. Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous. V. Only memory cells remain.

Vaccination offers protection against future exposure to pathogens because it ________.

If a person is prone to allergies, what treatment could redirect their immune response to help prevent future allergic reactions?

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because ________.

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20 years. One day, it recognises a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include ________. I. neutrophils II. macrophages III. dendritic cells IV. natural killer cells

A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity, dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from ________.

Which of the following are similarities between B cells and T cells? I. They both recognise antigen using immunoglobulin receptors. II. Both B cells and T cells undergo clonal selection after encountering an antigen. III. B cells and T cells both maintain an immunological memory of previously encountered antigens.

Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggering an adaptive immune response?

Which of the following statements is not true?

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.