Question 1

Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosome replication 
B)  synapsis of chromosomes 
C)  alignment of chromosomes at the equator 
D)  condensation of chromosomes 
A)  chromosome replication 
B)  synapsis of chromosomes 
C)  alignment of chromosomes at the equator 
D)  condensation of chromosomes B

Question 2

During which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  in meiosis I only 
B)  in meiosis II only 
C)  in mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  in mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  in meiosis I only 
B)  in meiosis II only 
C)  in mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  in mitosis and meiosis II A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human X chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is present in every somatic cell of males and females. 
B)  It is the same size as other chromosomes and has the same number of genes. 
C)  It carries genes that determine an individual's biological sex. 
D)  It is referred to as an autosome. 
A)  It is present in every somatic cell of males and females. 
B)  It is the same size as other chromosomes and has the same number of genes. 
C)  It carries genes that determine an individual's biological sex. 
D)  It is referred to as an autosome. C

Question 4

During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase I 
B)  telophase I 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  telophase II 
A)  anaphase I 
B)  telophase I 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  telophase II

Question 5

Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  mitosis 
A)  mutation 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  mitosis

Question 6

-Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V

Question 7

Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. 
D)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. 
A)  Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. 
D)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)  They carry information for different traits. 
B)  They carry information for the same traits. 
C)  They carry the same alleles. 
D)  They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
A)  They carry information for different traits. 
B)  They carry information for the same traits. 
C)  They carry the same alleles. 
D)  They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.

Question 9

How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
D)  Sexual reproduction utilises far less energy than asexual reproduction. 
A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
D)  Sexual reproduction utilises far less energy than asexual reproduction.

Question 10

-Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  V

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blonde hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilisation to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilisation, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blonde hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilisation to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilisation, which is immediately followed by meiosis.

Question 12

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B)  The random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilisation. 
C)  The random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D)  The diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome. 
A)  The random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B)  The random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilisation. 
C)  The random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D)  The diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome.

Question 13

Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Biological systems have multiple processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation. They are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms. Which of the following statements best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity. 
B)  In order to increase genetic diversity for evolution in sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilisation. 
C)  Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, there is no mechanism for them to add genetic diversity for evolution. 
D)  Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms. 
A)  Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity. 
B)  In order to increase genetic diversity for evolution in sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilisation. 
C)  Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, there is no mechanism for them to add genetic diversity for evolution. 
D)  Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms.

Question 14

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be the most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Backtrack through their previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
A)  Backtrack through their previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.

Question 15

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46?

Accepted Answer

A)  Privet shrub cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B)  Privet shrub sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  Genes of privet shrub chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D)  Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
A)  Privet shrub cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B)  Privet shrub sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  Genes of privet shrub chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D)  Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs.

Question 16

match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Accepted Answer

A)  III 
B)  IV 
C)  V 
D)  VII 
A)  III 
B)  IV 
C)  V 
D)  VII

Question 17

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilisation 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species 
A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilisation 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species

Question 18

A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome would be expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations.

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism. 
B)  It is an organised image of a cell's chromosomes. 
C)  It reveals the appearance of an organism. 
D)  It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages. 
A)  It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism. 
B)  It is an organised image of a cell's chromosomes. 
C)  It reveals the appearance of an organism. 
D)  It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages.

Question 20

Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sporophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
B)  gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis 
C)  gametophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
D)  sporophytes produce gametes by mitosis 
A)  sporophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
B)  gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis 
C)  gametophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
D)  sporophytes produce gametes by mitosis

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

During which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human X chromosomes?

During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell?

Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

-Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I?

Which of the following characteristics do homologous chromosomes exhibit?

How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

-Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes?

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be the most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46?

match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome would be expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype?

Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life cycle?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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