Question 1

During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  during meiosis I only 
B)  during meiosis II only 
C)  during both mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  during both mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  during meiosis I only 
B)  during meiosis II only 
C)  during both mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  during both mitosis and meiosis II

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C)  Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes. 
D)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. 
A)  The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C)  Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes. 
D)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.

Question 3

match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI

Question 4

-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III

Question 5

A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.  
-If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, which of the following combinations of genes will her eggs have?

Accepted Answer

A)  only blue short gene eggs 
B)  only orange short gene eggs 
C)  one half blue short and one half orange short gene eggs 
D)  three fourths blue short and one fourth orange short gene eggs 
A)  only blue short gene eggs 
B)  only orange short gene eggs 
C)  one half blue short and one half orange short gene eggs 
D)  three fourths blue short and one fourth orange short gene eggs

Question 6

If we continue to follow the cell lineage from question 4, then the DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II will be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x. 
A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in meiosis II. 
A)  Homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in meiosis II.

Question 8

-Which of the life cycles is typical for animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III

Question 9

The two homologues of a pair move toward opposite poles of dividing cell during

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis. 
B)  meiosis I. 
C)  meiosis II. 
D)  fertilisation. 
A)  mitosis. 
B)  meiosis I. 
C)  meiosis II. 
D)  fertilisation.

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
A)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

Question 11

-Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II

Question 12

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following characteristics do all sexual life cycles have in common?
I. Alternation of generations
II. Meiosis
III. Fertilisation
IV. Gametes
V. Spores

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and IV 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  II, IV, and V 
D)  I, II, III, IV, and V 
A)  I, II, and IV 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  II, IV, and V 
D)  I, II, III, IV, and V

Question 13

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number 
A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number

Question 14

Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  by DNA replication 
B)  through the transcription of DNA to RNA 
C)  by synapsis of the homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I 
D)  by fertilisation 
A)  by DNA replication 
B)  through the transcription of DNA to RNA 
C)  by synapsis of the homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I 
D)  by fertilisation

Question 15

Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm 
B)  failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilised by the sperm 
C)  failure of an egg to complete meiosis II 
D)  incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I 
A)  an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm 
B)  failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilised by the sperm 
C)  failure of an egg to complete meiosis II 
D)  incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I

Question 16

If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the parent cell. 
C)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the parent cell. 
D)  It is genetically identical to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event. 
A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the parent cell. 
C)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the parent cell. 
D)  It is genetically identical to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event.

Question 17

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  length and position of the centromere only 
B)  length, centromere position, and staining pattern only 
C)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes 
D)  They have nothing in common except that they are X-shaped. 
A)  length and position of the centromere only 
B)  length, centromere position, and staining pattern only 
C)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes 
D)  They have nothing in common except that they are X-shaped.

Question 18

DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown in the figure below.  
-Which sample of DNA might represent a zygote?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II

Question 19

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase 
A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase

Question 20

A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.  
-A certain female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19 chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, which of the following combinations of genes and chromosomes will her eggs have?

Accepted Answer

A)  either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B)  either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes 
C)  either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene 
D)  one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene 
A)  either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B)  either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes 
C)  either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene 
D)  one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other?

Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

If we continue to follow the cell lineage from question 4, then the DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II will be

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

-Which of the life cycles is typical for animals?

The two homologues of a pair move toward opposite poles of dividing cell during

Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I?

-Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following characteristics do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilisation IV. Gametes V. Spores

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of organisms?

Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents?

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown in the figure below. -Which sample of DNA might represent a zygote?

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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