Question 1

Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugation tubes are formed between sperm and egg cells. 
B)  Packets of sperm are delivered by wind to the eggs. 
C)  Aquatic invertebrates carry sperm to eggs. 
D)  Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop. 
A)  Conjugation tubes are formed between sperm and egg cells. 
B)  Packets of sperm are delivered by wind to the eggs. 
C)  Aquatic invertebrates carry sperm to eggs. 
D)  Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop. D

Question 2

According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most similar to that of land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  some unicellular green algae 
B)  some cyanobacteria 
C)  some charophytes 
D)  some red algae 
A)  some unicellular green algae 
B)  some cyanobacteria 
C)  some charophytes 
D)  some red algae C

Question 3

The following question refers to the generalised life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilisation.  
-In the figure, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  2 and 8 
D)  10 and 12 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  2 and 8 
D)  10 and 12 B

Question 4

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Investigation of its anatomy and life cycle shows the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte, and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses 
B)  ferns 
C)  gymnosperms 
D)  flowering plants 
A)  mosses 
B)  ferns 
C)  gymnosperms 
D)  flowering plants

Question 5

Which of the following statements about stomata is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomata are not important in algae because they do not need CO₂. 
B)  Stomata, when closed, allow CO₂ to diffuse into plants. 
C)  Stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow the roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. 
D)  Stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow CO₂ to diffuse into the plant. 
A)  Stomata are not important in algae because they do not need CO₂. 
B)  Stomata, when closed, allow CO₂ to diffuse into plants. 
C)  Stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow the roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. 
D)  Stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow CO₂ to diffuse into the plant.

Question 6

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines 
B)  green algae 
C)  photosynthesising prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) 
D)  liverworts and mosses 
A)  kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines 
B)  green algae 
C)  photosynthesising prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) 
D)  liverworts and mosses

Question 7

The presence of vascular tissue allowed plants to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb nutrients from the soil and form a symbiosis with fungi 
B)  transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller 
C)  transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues and use them to protect developing embryos 
D)  release toxins into the soil that reduced competition with other plants by poisoning nearby plants 
A)  absorb nutrients from the soil and form a symbiosis with fungi 
B)  transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller 
C)  transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues and use them to protect developing embryos 
D)  release toxins into the soil that reduced competition with other plants by poisoning nearby plants

Question 8

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  microphylls 
B)  true roots 
C)  true leaves 
D)  sporangia 
A)  microphylls 
B)  true roots 
C)  true leaves 
D)  sporangia

Question 9

Moss sporophytes are typically green when young, but turn brown when ready to release their spores. This observation would lead you to think that the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sporophyte photosynthesises when young and contributes energy for spore production 
B)  sporophyte photosynthesises at all ages-it just uses different wavelengths for photosynthesis at different ages 
C)  gametophyte cannot photosynthesise 
D)  cuticle rubs off of older sporophytes and exposes the colour that is underneath 
A)  sporophyte photosynthesises when young and contributes energy for spore production 
B)  sporophyte photosynthesises at all ages-it just uses different wavelengths for photosynthesis at different ages 
C)  gametophyte cannot photosynthesise 
D)  cuticle rubs off of older sporophytes and exposes the colour that is underneath

Question 10

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contains chloroplasts 
B)  is surrounded by a cuticle 
C)  does not contain vascular tissue 
D)  has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose 
A)  contains chloroplasts 
B)  is surrounded by a cuticle 
C)  does not contain vascular tissue 
D)  has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose

Question 11

Apical meristems ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  occur only in shoots of plants 
B)  occur only in roots of plants 
C)  occur in both roots and shoots of plants 
D)  allow plants to move from one place to another 
A)  occur only in shoots of plants 
B)  occur only in roots of plants 
C)  occur in both roots and shoots of plants 
D)  allow plants to move from one place to another

Question 12

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a monilophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether or not it has true leaves 
B)  whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C)  whether or not it has seeds 
D)  its height 
A)  whether or not it has true leaves 
B)  whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C)  whether or not it has seeds 
D)  its height

Question 13

If bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, how can some mosses reach 60 centimetres tall?

Accepted Answer

A)  The term nonvascular plant is actually a misnomer. 
B)  These tall mosses are more closely related to seed plants than to other mosses. 
C)  Some mosses independently evolved conducting tissues. 
D)  The rhizoids contain the conducting tissues. 
A)  The term nonvascular plant is actually a misnomer. 
B)  These tall mosses are more closely related to seed plants than to other mosses. 
C)  Some mosses independently evolved conducting tissues. 
D)  The rhizoids contain the conducting tissues.

Question 14

In the Great Australian Desert, rainfall averages about 30 centimetres per year. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this extremely arid zone to encounter mosses and ferns. One such plant is called "flower of stone". It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection plant". At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a spike moss.
-Upon closer inspection of the leaves of "flower of stone", one can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes. Further investigation also reveals that the roots of "flower of stone" branch only at the growing tip of the root, forming a Y-shaped structure. Based on these additional observations, which of the following can be properly inferred about "flower of stone"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is heterosporous and has separate male and female gametophytes. 
B)  It is a fern and the cone-like structures are sori. 
C)  It is heterosporous, it is a fern, and the cone-like structures are sori. 
D)  It is heterosporous, it is a lycophyte, and it has separate male and female gametophytes. 
A)  It is heterosporous and has separate male and female gametophytes. 
B)  It is a fern and the cone-like structures are sori. 
C)  It is heterosporous, it is a fern, and the cone-like structures are sori. 
D)  It is heterosporous, it is a lycophyte, and it has separate male and female gametophytes.

Question 15

Bowden showed that the presence of moss reduced nitrogen loss from soil. Which of the following questions would be the best follow-up study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do new species colonise areas with a pH of 3 more rapidly or more slowly than areas with a pH of 7? 
B)  Do new species colonise areas with added iron more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added iron? 
C)  Do new species colonise areas with moss more rapidly or more slowly than areas without moss? 
D)  Do new species colonise areas with added phosphorus more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added phosphorus? 
A)  Do new species colonise areas with a pH of 3 more rapidly or more slowly than areas with a pH of 7? 
B)  Do new species colonise areas with added iron more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added iron? 
C)  Do new species colonise areas with moss more rapidly or more slowly than areas without moss? 
D)  Do new species colonise areas with added phosphorus more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added phosphorus?

Question 16

About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees 
B)  been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained cyanobacteria and protists 
C)  been covered with tall forests in swamps that would become today's coal 
D)  had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock 
A)  looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees 
B)  been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained cyanobacteria and protists 
C)  been covered with tall forests in swamps that would become today's coal 
D)  had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

Question 17

Archegonia ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are the sites where male gametes are produced 
B)  may contain sporophyte embryos 
C)  have the same function as sporangia 
D)  make asexual reproductive structures 
A)  are the sites where male gametes are produced 
B)  may contain sporophyte embryos 
C)  have the same function as sporangia 
D)  make asexual reproductive structures

Question 18

Stomata ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group 
B)  open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss 
C)  occur in all land plants and are the same as pores 
D)  open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange 
A)  occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group 
B)  open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss 
C)  occur in all land plants and are the same as pores 
D)  open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange

Question 19

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule 
B)  microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary 
C)  megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule 
D)  microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary 
A)  megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule 
B)  microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary 
C)  megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule 
D)  microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary

Question 20

The following question refers to the generalised life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilisation.  
- Which number represents a megaspore mother cell in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most similar to that of land plants?

Which of the following statements about stomata is accurate?

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ________.

The presence of vascular tissue allowed plants to ________.

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make ________.

Moss sporophytes are typically green when young, but turn brown when ready to release their spores. This observation would lead you to think that the ________.

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it ________.

Apical meristems ________.

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a monilophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

If bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, how can some mosses reach 60 centimetres tall?

Bowden showed that the presence of moss reduced nitrogen loss from soil. Which of the following questions would be the best follow-up study?

About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have ________.

Archegonia ________.

Stomata ________.

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters