Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Humans infected with some types of parasitic worms develop a condition called elephantiasis, which is characterised by swelling of the limbs. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of elephantiasis?

Consider the following reaction. If the pH of the blood was decreased, then the ________. $\mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \rightleftharpoons \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } \rightleftharpoons \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } + \mathrm { H } ^ { + }$

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

________ is a hormone that is released from the ________ to stimulate the production of red blood cells.

Blood is pumped at high pressures in arteries from the heart to ensure that all parts of the body receive adequate blood flow. Capillary beds, however, would haemorrhage under direct arterial pressures. How does the design of the circulatory network contribute to reducing blood pressure to avoid this scenario?

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arterioles has a

An anthropologist discovers the fossilised heart of an extinct animal. The evidence indicates that the organism's heart was large, was well-formed, and had four chambers, with no connection between the right and left sides. A reasonable conclusion supported by these observations is that the ________.

How has the avian lung adapted to the metabolic demands of flight?

In an open circulatory system, blood is ________.

If the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds is lower than the hydrostatic pressure, then ________.

Which of the following mechanisms are used to regulate blood pressure in the closed circulatory system of vertebrates? I. changing the force of heart contraction II. constricting and relaxing smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles III. opening or closing precapillary sphincters

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it ________.

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10% and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO₂ is ________.

Which of the following would you expect of a species that has a high resting cardiac output?

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have ________.

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of ________.

Blood cells that function to fight infection are called ________.

The sun shining on a tidal rock pool during a hot day heats the water, causing some water to evaporate. Because the water has become warmer and saltier, ________.

A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery to the thumb and then back to the left ventricle, this red blood cell must pass through ________.