Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

During aerobic exercise, the partial pressure of oxygen in muscle cells will ________, thus the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the muscle tissue from the blood will ________.

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the ________.

While jogging, a person has a stroke volume of 130 ml/beat and a heart rate of 120 beats/minute. If their resting stroke volume was 70 ml/beat and resting heart rate was 60 beats/minute, how did this person's cardiac output change?

Atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is about one-third the pressure at sea level, which is 760 mm Hg. If oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) on Mount Everest is approximately ________.

What would be the consequence if we were to reverse the direction of water flow over the gills of a fish, moving water inward past the operculum, past the gills, then out the mouth? This reversal of water flow would ________.

Which of the following statements comparing respiration in fish and in mammals is correct?

A rabbit taken from a paddock near sea level and moved to a paddock high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why?

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

To become bound to haemoglobin for transport in mammals, atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross ________.

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans would ________.

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid affect pH. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as ________.

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximise ________.

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with ________.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides information about ________.

Compared to mammals that are not adapted for diving, diving mammals ________.

A patient with a heart rate of 70 beats/minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat will have a cardiac output of ________.

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n) ________.

Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?

Which of the following events would you predict as carbon dioxide is released from your muscles into the surrounding capillary bed?

Based on the graph, which of the following statements is correct?