Question 1

A. 
B. 
C. 
D.  
-Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C and D 
D)  C and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C and D 
D)  C and D A

Question 2

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine 
B)  cytosine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil 
A)  adenosine 
B)  cytosine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil A

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is polar?
C3H7OH C2H5COOH

Accepted Answer

A)  C3H7OH and C2H5COOH are both polar molecules. 
B)  Neither C2H5COOH or C3H7OH is polar. 
C)  C2H5COOH is polar, but C3H7OH is not polar. 
D)  C2H5COOH is not polar, but C3H7OH is polar. 
A)  C3H7OH and C2H5COOH are both polar molecules. 
B)  Neither C2H5COOH or C3H7OH is polar. 
C)  C2H5COOH is polar, but C3H7OH is not polar. 
D)  C2H5COOH is not polar, but C3H7OH is polar. A

Question 4

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons 
B)  are mirror images of each other 
C)  differ in the location of their double bonds 
D)  differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds 
A)  have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons 
B)  are mirror images of each other 
C)  differ in the location of their double bonds 
D)  differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds

Question 5

Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate

Question 6

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H14? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 7

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes 
A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes

Question 8

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolved 
A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolved

Question 9

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B)  the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C)  the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D)  the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
A)  the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B)  the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C)  the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D)  the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen

Question 11

Which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognisable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl

Question 12

A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
B.  
C. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$
D. $- \mathrm { SH }$
- Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilise proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 13

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its atomic number 
B)  its electron configuration 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus 
A)  its atomic number 
B)  its electron configuration 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus

Question 14

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl and amino groups 
B)  carboxyl and amino groups 
C)  amino and sulfhydryl groups 
D)  hydroxyl and carboxyl groups 
A)  carbonyl and amino groups 
B)  carboxyl and amino groups 
C)  amino and sulfhydryl groups 
D)  hydroxyl and carboxyl groups

Question 15

Some carbon skeletons have different numbers and locations of double bonds to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  add molecular complexity and diversity that characterise living matter 
B)  be more flexible that makes the molecule stronger 
C)  stay in its liquid state 
D)  increase its solubility in water 
A)  add molecular complexity and diversity that characterise living matter 
B)  be more flexible that makes the molecule stronger 
C)  stay in its liquid state 
D)  increase its solubility in water

Question 16

A. 
B. 
C. 
D.  
-Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulphide bridge?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 17

A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
B.  
C. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$
D. $- \mathrm { SH }$
- Which functional group shown can pick up protons and raise the pH of the surrounding solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 18

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  amino 
D)  phosphate 
A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  amino 
D)  phosphate

Question 19

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesised in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesised only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena 
A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesised in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesised only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena

Question 20

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A. B. C. D. -Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Which of the following molecules is polar? C3H7OH C2H5COOH

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that ________.

Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group.

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H14? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognisable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells?

A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH B. C. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ D. −SH- \mathrm { SH }−SH - Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilise proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Some carbon skeletons have different numbers and locations of double bonds to ________.

A. B. C. D. -Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulphide bridge?

A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH B. C. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ D. −SH- \mathrm { SH }−SH - Which functional group shown can pick up protons and raise the pH of the surrounding solution?

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters

Which of the following molecules is polar? C₃H₇OH C₂H₅COOH

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.