Question 1

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid 
B)  should dissolve in water 
C)  should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent 
D)  will not form hydrogen bonds with water 
A)  lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid 
B)  should dissolve in water 
C)  should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent 
D)  will not form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 2

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  enantiomers 
B)  radioactive isotopes 
C)  structural isomers 
D)  cis-trans isomers 
A)  enantiomers 
B)  radioactive isotopes 
C)  structural isomers 
D)  cis-trans isomers

Question 3

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

Accepted Answer

A)  CH₄ 
B)  C2H4 
C)  C2H6 
D)  C3H8 
A)  CH₄ 
B)  C2H4 
C)  C2H6 
D)  C3H8

Question 4

A. 
B. 
C. 
D.  
- Which molecule shown is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 5

A. 
B. 
C. 
D.  
- Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 6

A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
-Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 7

Visualise the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  C₃H₈ 
B)  C₂H₆ 
C)  C₂H₄ 
D)  C₂H₂ 
A)  C₃H₈ 
B)  C₂H₆ 
C)  C₂H₄ 
D)  C₂H₂

Question 8

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons. 
A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 9

Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers 
A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers

Question 10

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
D)  They are less dense than water. 
A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
D)  They are less dense than water.

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B)  They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C)  They have the same chemical properties. 
D)  They have different molecular formulas. 
A)  They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B)  They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C)  They have the same chemical properties. 
D)  They have different molecular formulas.

Question 12

Why is carbon so important in biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a common element on Earth. 
B)  It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C)  It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D)  It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. 
A)  It is a common element on Earth. 
B)  It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C)  It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D)  It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.

Question 13

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl

Question 14

- The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers 
A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers

Question 15

How many electrons does one atom of carbon share to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  8 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  8

Question 16

A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
- Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 17

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula 
B)  are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula 
C)  have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton 
D)  are enantiomers of the same organic molecule 
A)  are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula 
B)  are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula 
C)  have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton 
D)  are enantiomers of the same organic molecule

Question 18

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be more flexible in structure 
B)  be more constrained in structure 
C)  be more polar 
D)  have more hydrogen atoms 
A)  be more flexible in structure 
B)  be more constrained in structure 
C)  be more polar 
D)  have more hydrogen atoms

Question 19

A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
- Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 20

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell 
A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown is a thiol?

A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

A. B. C. D. -Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Visualise the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Why is carbon so important in biology?

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

- The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

How many electrons does one atom of carbon share to complete its valence shell?

A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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