Question 1

- Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13

Question 2

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein 
A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Question 4

People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are missing an enzyme 
B)  lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes 
C)  milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digested 
D)  they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose 
A)  they are missing an enzyme 
B)  lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes 
C)  milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digested 
D)  they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose

Question 5

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of haemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats 
A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats

Question 6

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  single bonds only 
B)  a higher number of glycerol molecules 
C)  a higher number of cis double bonds 
D)  a longer carbon chain 
A)  single bonds only 
B)  a higher number of glycerol molecules 
C)  a higher number of cis double bonds 
D)  a longer carbon chain

Question 7

A tripeptide has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds 
A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds

Question 8

- Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  13 
A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  13

Question 9

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  3:1 
D)  4:1 
A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  3:1 
D)  4:1

Question 10

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino group 
B)  a peptide bond 
C)  a disulphide bond 
D)  a β pleated sheet 
A)  an amino group 
B)  a peptide bond 
C)  a disulphide bond 
D)  a β pleated sheet

Question 11

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyse the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true for lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids are true polymers. 
B)  Waxes and pigments are not lipids. 
C)  Lipids mix poorly with water. 
D)  Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with water. 
A)  Lipids are true polymers. 
B)  Waxes and pigments are not lipids. 
C)  Lipids mix poorly with water. 
D)  Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with water.

Question 13

Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3-D shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds between different amino acids 
B)  sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain 
C)  side chains of various amino acids 
D)  number of water molecules in the vicinity 
A)  peptide bonds between different amino acids 
B)  sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain 
C)  side chains of various amino acids 
D)  number of water molecules in the vicinity

Question 14

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  amylopectin 
D)  amylose 
A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  amylopectin 
D)  amylose

Question 15

Starch and cellulose ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are polymers of glucose 
B)  are cis and trans isomers of each other 
C)  are used for energy storage in plants and animals 
D)  are structural components of the plant cell wall 
A)  are polymers of glucose 
B)  are cis and trans isomers of each other 
C)  are used for energy storage in plants and animals 
D)  are structural components of the plant cell wall

Question 16

The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide and nucleic acid 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  phospholipid and plasma membrane 
D)  glycogen and glucose 
A)  nucleotide and nucleic acid 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  phospholipid and plasma membrane 
D)  glycogen and glucose

Question 17

The molecule shown in the figure is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid 
B)  steroid 
C)  triacylglycerol 
D)  phospholipid 
A)  fatty acid 
B)  steroid 
C)  triacylglycerol 
D)  phospholipid

Question 18

Starch is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose 
A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose

Question 19

Which parts of the amino acids X and Y are involved in the formation of a peptide bond?
X-Y

Accepted Answer

A)  amino group of X and carboxyl group of Y 
B)  carboxyl group of X and amino group of Y 
C)  carboxyl group of X and side chain of Y 
D)  side chains of both X and Y 
A)  amino group of X and carboxyl group of Y 
B)  carboxyl group of X and amino group of Y 
C)  carboxyl group of X and side chain of Y 
D)  side chains of both X and Y

Question 20

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′ 
B)  5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′ 
C)  5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′ 
D)  All of these pairs are correct. 
A)  5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′ 
B)  5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′ 
C)  5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′ 
D)  All of these pairs are correct.

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

- Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

A tripeptide has ________.

- Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is ________.

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyse the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Which of the following statements is true for lipids?

Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3-D shape?

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Starch and cellulose ________.

The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.

The molecule shown in the figure is a ________.

Starch is composed of ________.

Which parts of the amino acids X and Y are involved in the formation of a peptide bond? X-Y

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters