Question 1

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  starch and cellulose 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids 
A)  starch and cellulose 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids

Question 2

Animals have adapted different mechanisms for excreting nitrogenous waste products. Which of the following are selective pressures that likely influence which mechanism an animal uses?
I. the amount of water available in the animal's habitat
II. the energy needs of the animal
III. the temperature of the animal's environment

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and II 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and II 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 3

Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. Based on the information, what can you infer about the mechanism of potassium transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium transport is a passive process. 
B)  Movement of potassium into the lumen of the Malpighian tubules is an energy-requiring process. 
C)  Potassium moves out of the tubules at a faster rate than it moves into the lumen of the tubules. 
D)  Sodium ions will follow potassium ions. 
A)  Potassium transport is a passive process. 
B)  Movement of potassium into the lumen of the Malpighian tubules is an energy-requiring process. 
C)  Potassium moves out of the tubules at a faster rate than it moves into the lumen of the tubules. 
D)  Sodium ions will follow potassium ions.

Question 4

Like other osmoregulatory animals that live in marine environments, sharks maintain tissue concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride that are hypoosmotic to the seawater. In contrast to the bony marine fishes, however, sharks do not need to drink seawater. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  High urea and trimethylamine oxide concentrations keep shark tissues slightly hyperosmotic relative to seawater, so water is absorbed passively. 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and potassium do not influence water balance in shark tissues. 
C)  Shark blood is hypotonic to the surrounding tissues, so water always moves passively into the tissue from the blood. 
D)  Sharks excrete large quantities of salt through their gills in exchange for water. 
A)  High urea and trimethylamine oxide concentrations keep shark tissues slightly hyperosmotic relative to seawater, so water is absorbed passively. 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and potassium do not influence water balance in shark tissues. 
C)  Shark blood is hypotonic to the surrounding tissues, so water always moves passively into the tissue from the blood. 
D)  Sharks excrete large quantities of salt through their gills in exchange for water.

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of ________.

Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. Based on the information, what can you infer about the mechanism of potassium transport?

Like other osmoregulatory animals that live in marine environments, sharks maintain tissue concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride that are hypoosmotic to the seawater. In contrast to the bony marine fishes, however, sharks do not need to drink seawater. Why?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Hormones and the Endocrine System

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Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

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