Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

Salmon eggs hatch in fresh water. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hypertonic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to fresh water to breed. How can these organisms make the transition from fresh water to ocean water and back to fresh water?

Urea is produced in the ________.

Among the following choices, the most concentrated urine is excreted by ________.

The osmoregulatory process called "secretion" refers to the ________.

Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is likely after ________.

Excretory organs known as "Malpighian tubules" are present in ________.

Compared to wetland mammals, water conservation in mammals of arid regions is enhanced by having more ________.

Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production?

Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules ________.

The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is ________.

Why are the renal artery and vein critical to the process of osmoregulation in vertebrates?

Which of the following is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Terrestrial organisms lose water through evaporation. In what ecosystem might an entomologist find a good study organism to examine the prevention of water loss?

An examination of a marine star fish that had died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because ________.

To maintain homeostasis, freshwater fish must ________.

Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. How would you expect the movement of water to be influenced by the distribution of potassium ions?

An examination of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that ________.

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system can be triggered by ________.

If you are hiking through the desert for several days, one would pack which of the following to ensure proper hydration?

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of ________.