Question 1

Which of the following is not found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Hydrogen 
E)  Sulfur 
A)  Carbon 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Hydrogen 
E)  Sulfur

Question 2

RNA primers are necessary in DNA synthesis because

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase is unable to initiate replication without an origin. 
B)  the DNA polymerase enzyme can catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides only onto the 3´ (-OH) end of an existing strand. 
C)  RNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex. 
D)  primers mark the sites where helicase has to unwind the DNA. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  DNA polymerase is unable to initiate replication without an origin. 
B)  the DNA polymerase enzyme can catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides only onto the 3´ (-OH) end of an existing strand. 
C)  RNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex. 
D)  primers mark the sites where helicase has to unwind the DNA. 
E)  All of the above

Question 3

The stability of the DNA double helix is shown by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  high temperatures are required to denature it. 
B)  DNA helicases require ATP. 
C)  single-strand specific binding proteins are required to keep the strands apart. 
D)  DNA synthesis requires energy. 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  high temperatures are required to denature it. 
B)  DNA helicases require ATP. 
C)  single-strand specific binding proteins are required to keep the strands apart. 
D)  DNA synthesis requires energy. 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 4

Double-stranded DNA looks a little like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix, or spiral. The side supports of the ladder are

Accepted Answer

A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating bases and sugars. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and phosphates. 
E)  alternating bases, sugars, and phosphates. 
A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating bases and sugars. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and phosphates. 
E)  alternating bases, sugars, and phosphates.

Question 5

The polymerase chain reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  is a method for sequencing DNA. 
B)  is used to transcribe specific genes. 
C)  amplifies specific DNA sequences. 
D)  does not require DNA replication primers. 
E)  uses a DNA polymerase that denatures at 55°C. 
A)  is a method for sequencing DNA. 
B)  is used to transcribe specific genes. 
C)  amplifies specific DNA sequences. 
D)  does not require DNA replication primers. 
E)  uses a DNA polymerase that denatures at 55°C.

Question 6

The antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DNA refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  twisted configuration of the strands. 
B)  alternative branching pattern of the strands. 
C)  alignment of the strands, such that one strand starts with a 3´ carbon and the other starts with a 5´ carbon. 
D)  view at one end of the molecule-one strand has an A wherever the other has a T, and one has a G wherever the other has a C. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  twisted configuration of the strands. 
B)  alternative branching pattern of the strands. 
C)  alignment of the strands, such that one strand starts with a 3´ carbon and the other starts with a 5´ carbon. 
D)  view at one end of the molecule-one strand has an A wherever the other has a T, and one has a G wherever the other has a C. 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following would not be found in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purines 
B)  Ribose sugars 
C)  Phosphates 
D)  Sulfur 
E)  Nitrogenous bases 
A)  Purines 
B)  Ribose sugars 
C)  Phosphates 
D)  Sulfur 
E)  Nitrogenous bases

Question 8

When double stranded DNA is heated to about 90ºC it denatures. Denaturation

Accepted Answer

A)  involves hydrolysis of the DNA. 
B)  destroys the double helical structure irreversibly. 
C)  separates the two strands. 
D)  causes new hydrogen bonds to form. 
E)  breaks covalent bonds. 
A)  involves hydrolysis of the DNA. 
B)  destroys the double helical structure irreversibly. 
C)  separates the two strands. 
D)  causes new hydrogen bonds to form. 
E)  breaks covalent bonds.

Question 9

Pyrophosphate is a

Accepted Answer

A)  building block for DNA synthesis. 
B)  by-product of DNA synthesis. 
C)  precursor to DNA synthesis. 
D)  fire phosphate used in nucleic acid metabolism. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  building block for DNA synthesis. 
B)  by-product of DNA synthesis. 
C)  precursor to DNA synthesis. 
D)  fire phosphate used in nucleic acid metabolism. 
E)  All of the above

Question 10

In DNA replication, each newly made strand is

Accepted Answer

A)  identical in DNA sequence to the strand from which it was copied. 
B)  complementary in sequence to the strand from which it was copied. 
C)  oriented in the same 3´-to-5´ direction as the strand from which it was copied. 
D)  an incomplete copy of one of the parental strands. 
E)  a hybrid molecule consisting of both ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides. 
A)  identical in DNA sequence to the strand from which it was copied. 
B)  complementary in sequence to the strand from which it was copied. 
C)  oriented in the same 3´-to-5´ direction as the strand from which it was copied. 
D)  an incomplete copy of one of the parental strands. 
E)  a hybrid molecule consisting of both ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides.

Question 11

Chargaff's rule states that

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA must be replicated before a cell can divide. 
B)  viruses enter cells without their protein coat. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell during infection. 
E)  the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine. 
A)  DNA must be replicated before a cell can divide. 
B)  viruses enter cells without their protein coat. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell during infection. 
E)  the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.

Question 12

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3´ to 5´ in eukaryotes and from 5´ to 3´ in bacteria. 
B)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5´ to 3´ in eukaryotes and from 3´ to 5´ in bacteria. 
C)  there are many replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only one in bacterial DNA. 
D)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5´ to 3´ in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes. 
E)  Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication. 
A)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3´ to 5´ in eukaryotes and from 5´ to 3´ in bacteria. 
B)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5´ to 3´ in eukaryotes and from 3´ to 5´ in bacteria. 
C)  there are many replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only one in bacterial DNA. 
D)  synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5´ to 3´ in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes. 
E)  Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication.

Question 13

The Meselson-Stahl experiment showed that DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  replication is conservative. 
B)  is synthesized in only one direction. 
C)  replication is dispersive. 
D)  replication is semiconservative. 
E)  exists as a double helix. 
A)  replication is conservative. 
B)  is synthesized in only one direction. 
C)  replication is dispersive. 
D)  replication is semiconservative. 
E)  exists as a double helix.

Question 14

The structure of DNA explains which three major properties of genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
B)  They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
C)  They replicate exactly, are contained in the cell nucleus, and direct the synthesis of cellular proteins. 
D)  They encode the organism's phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain nitrogenous bases. 
E)  They contain information, replicate exactly, and can change to produce a mutation. 
A)  They contain information, direct the synthesis of proteins, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
B)  They contain nitrogenous bases, direct the synthesis of RNA, and are contained in the cell nucleus. 
C)  They replicate exactly, are contained in the cell nucleus, and direct the synthesis of cellular proteins. 
D)  They encode the organism's phenotype, are passed on from one generation to the next, and contain nitrogenous bases. 
E)  They contain information, replicate exactly, and can change to produce a mutation.

Question 15

Fifteen human DNA polymerases have been identified. Which of the following statements about them is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all are involved in DNA replication. 
B)  One of the DNA polymerases opens the replication fork, one forms the primer, another removes the primer, and the rest are involved in protein synthesis. 
C)  The functions of DNA polymerase, helicase, and primase are known; the functions of the others are unknown. 
D)  Each DNA polymerase requires a specific primer to function. 
E)  Most replications are catalyzed by delta and epsilon DNA polymerases; the others are involved in primer removal and DNA repair. 
A)  They all are involved in DNA replication. 
B)  One of the DNA polymerases opens the replication fork, one forms the primer, another removes the primer, and the rest are involved in protein synthesis. 
C)  The functions of DNA polymerase, helicase, and primase are known; the functions of the others are unknown. 
D)  Each DNA polymerase requires a specific primer to function. 
E)  Most replications are catalyzed by delta and epsilon DNA polymerases; the others are involved in primer removal and DNA repair.

Question 16

Explain how PCR amplifies a particular sequence of DNA.

Accepted Answer

Refer to F

Question 17

Why don't cells last the entire lifetime of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The removal of the RNA primer following DNA replication leads to a shortening of the chromosome and eventual cell death. 
B)  The enzyme telomerase is readily destroyed by the environment, resulting in cell death. 
C)  DNA replication is subject to errors, causing premature cell death. 
D)  Okazaki fragments disrupt protein synthesis, resulting in premature cell death. 
E)  The repeating telomeric sequence of TTAGGG interferes with normal DNA replication and leads to cell death. 
A)  The removal of the RNA primer following DNA replication leads to a shortening of the chromosome and eventual cell death. 
B)  The enzyme telomerase is readily destroyed by the environment, resulting in cell death. 
C)  DNA replication is subject to errors, causing premature cell death. 
D)  Okazaki fragments disrupt protein synthesis, resulting in premature cell death. 
E)  The repeating telomeric sequence of TTAGGG interferes with normal DNA replication and leads to cell death.

Question 18

The force of _______ holds DNA together in a double helix.

Accepted Answer

A)  the twist 
B)  covalent bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  ionic interactions 
E)  hydrogen bonds 
A)  the twist 
B)  covalent bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  ionic interactions 
E)  hydrogen bonds

Question 19

If Hershey and Chase had found 35S in both the pellet and the supernatant, what would have been their likely conclusion about the nature of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  A protein must be the information molecule. 
B)  No conclusion would have been possible from these results. 
C)  DNA is the genetic information molecule. 
D)  Phage must have stuck to the bacteria. 
E)  Phosphorus was in the information molecule. 
A)  A protein must be the information molecule. 
B)  No conclusion would have been possible from these results. 
C)  DNA is the genetic information molecule. 
D)  Phage must have stuck to the bacteria. 
E)  Phosphorus was in the information molecule.

Question 20

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, the conservative model of DNA replication was ruled out by which of the following observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  No completely "heavy" DNA was observed after the first round of replication. 
B)  No completely "light" DNA ever appeared, even after several replications. 
C)  The product that accumulated after two rounds of replication was completely "heavy." 
D)  Completely "heavy" DNA was observed throughout the experiment. 
E)  Three different DNA densities were observed after a single round of replication. 
A)  No completely "heavy" DNA was observed after the first round of replication. 
B)  No completely "light" DNA ever appeared, even after several replications. 
C)  The product that accumulated after two rounds of replication was completely "heavy." 
D)  Completely "heavy" DNA was observed throughout the experiment. 
E)  Three different DNA densities were observed after a single round of replication.

Exam 13: Dna and Its Role in Heredity

Which of the following is not found in DNA?

RNA primers are necessary in DNA synthesis because

The stability of the DNA double helix is shown by the fact that

Double-stranded DNA looks a little like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix, or spiral. The side supports of the ladder are

The polymerase chain reaction

The antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DNA refers to the

Which of the following would not be found in a DNA molecule?

When double stranded DNA is heated to about 90ºC it denatures. Denaturation

Pyrophosphate is a

In DNA replication, each newly made strand is

Chargaff's rule states that

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because

The Meselson-Stahl experiment showed that DNA

The structure of DNA explains which three major properties of genes?

Fifteen human DNA polymerases have been identified. Which of the following statements about them is true?

Explain how PCR amplifies a particular sequence of DNA.

Why don't cells last the entire lifetime of an organism?

The force of _______ holds DNA together in a double helix.

If Hershey and Chase had found 35S in both the pellet and the supernatant, what would have been their likely conclusion about the nature of DNA replication?

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, the conservative model of DNA replication was ruled out by which of the following observations?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

If Hershey and Chase had found ³⁵S in both the pellet and the supernatant, what would have been their likely conclusion about the nature of DNA replication?