Question 1

The structure of the DNA molecule was determined by the experiments of

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilkins. 
B)  Franklin. 
C)  Watson. 
D)  Crick. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Wilkins. 
B)  Franklin. 
C)  Watson. 
D)  Crick. 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

The fidelity of DNA replication is astounding. During DNA synthesis, the error rate is on the order of one wrong nucleotide per

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000. 
B)  100,000. 
C)  1010. 
D)  1013-1016. 
E)  1 trillion. 
A)  1,000. 
B)  100,000. 
C)  1010. 
D)  1013-1016. 
E)  1 trillion.

Question 3

The replication of lagging strands of DNA differs from the replication of leading strands in that

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is replicated as short fragments. 
B)  RNA primers are required. 
C)  DNA ligase is needed. 
D)  primase is required. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  DNA is replicated as short fragments. 
B)  RNA primers are required. 
C)  DNA ligase is needed. 
D)  primase is required. 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

Before the discovery of DNA, the hereditary material was thought to be made of proteins and not nucleic acids because

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acids are made up of 20 different bases, whereas proteins are made up of only five amino acids. 
B)  protein subunits can combine to form larger proteins. 
C)  proteins seemed to be much more chemically diverse. 
D)  proteins can be enzymes. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  nucleic acids are made up of 20 different bases, whereas proteins are made up of only five amino acids. 
B)  protein subunits can combine to form larger proteins. 
C)  proteins seemed to be much more chemically diverse. 
D)  proteins can be enzymes. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

DNA polymerases catalyze many polymerizations each time they bind to a DNA molecule. There, DNA polymerases are said to be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA polymerases catalyze many polymerizations each time...

Question 6

In PCR, _______ creates single-stranded DNA template molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  heat 
B)  high salt concentration 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  exonuclease 
E)  a primer 
A)  heat 
B)  high salt concentration 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  exonuclease 
E)  a primer

Question 7

During infection of E. coli cells by bacteriophage T2,

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins are the only phage components that enter the infected cell. 
B)  both proteins and nucleic acids enter the cell. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell. 
E)  more than one infecting phage particle is required to produce infection. 
A)  proteins are the only phage components that enter the infected cell. 
B)  both proteins and nucleic acids enter the cell. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell. 
E)  more than one infecting phage particle is required to produce infection.

Question 8

The experiments of Meselson and Stahl established the _______ of DNA.

Accepted Answer

semiconser

Question 9

The rungs of the DNA ladder are

Accepted Answer

A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  pairs of bases. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and bases. 
E)  alternating bases, sugars, and phosphates. 
A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  pairs of bases. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and bases. 
E)  alternating bases, sugars, and phosphates.

Question 10

Ideally, PCR _______ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  additively 
B)  gradually 
C)  linearly 
D)  systematically 
E)  exponentially 
A)  additively 
B)  gradually 
C)  linearly 
D)  systematically 
E)  exponentially

Question 11

Which of the following molecular models describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-stranded 
B)  Antiparallel 
C)  Triple-stranded 
D)  Helical 
E)  Helical, double-stranded, and antiparallel 
A)  Single-stranded 
B)  Antiparallel 
C)  Triple-stranded 
D)  Helical 
E)  Helical, double-stranded, and antiparallel

Question 12

What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two sides of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine. 
C)  One side of the DNA molecule has an unconnected 5´ phosphate group, and the opposite end has an unconnected 3´ hydroxyl group. 
D)  The 3´ carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5´ carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. 
E)  The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone coils around the outside of the helix. 
A)  The two sides of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine. 
C)  One side of the DNA molecule has an unconnected 5´ phosphate group, and the opposite end has an unconnected 3´ hydroxyl group. 
D)  The 3´ carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5´ carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. 
E)  The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone coils around the outside of the helix.

Question 13

If Meselson and Stahl had observed one intermediate, slightly smeared band after growing bacteria for one generation, and then after two generations again had found one slightly smeared band, they would most likely have concluded that DNA replicates

Accepted Answer

A)  semiconservatively. 
B)  conservatively. 
C)  semidiscontinuously. 
D)  dispersively. 
E)  semicontinuously. 
A)  semiconservatively. 
B)  conservatively. 
C)  semidiscontinuously. 
D)  dispersively. 
E)  semicontinuously.

Question 14

Proofreading and repair occur

Accepted Answer

A)  at any time during or after synthesis of DNA. 
B)  only before DNA methylation. 
C)  only in the presence of DNA polymerase. 
D)  only in the presence of an excision repair mechanism. 
E)  only during replication. 
A)  at any time during or after synthesis of DNA. 
B)  only before DNA methylation. 
C)  only in the presence of DNA polymerase. 
D)  only in the presence of an excision repair mechanism. 
E)  only during replication.

Question 15

One strand of DNA has the sequence 5´-ATTCCG-3´ The complementary strand for this is

Accepted Answer

A)  5´-TAAGGC-3´ 
B)  5´-ATTCCG-3´ 
C)  5´-ACCTTA-3´ 
D)  5´-CGGAAT-3´ 
E)  5´-GCCTTA-3´ 
A)  5´-TAAGGC-3´ 
B)  5´-ATTCCG-3´ 
C)  5´-ACCTTA-3´ 
D)  5´-CGGAAT-3´ 
E)  5´-GCCTTA-3´

Question 16

The characteristic of DNA that allows it to make an exact copy of itself is its

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar-phosphate backbone. 
B)  complementary base pairing. 
C)  phosphodiester bonding of the helices. 
D)  twisting of the molecule to form an $\alpha$ helix. 
E)  antiparallel strands. 
A)  sugar-phosphate backbone. 
B)  complementary base pairing. 
C)  phosphodiester bonding of the helices. 
D)  twisting of the molecule to form an $\alpha$ helix. 
E)  antiparallel strands.

Question 17

The PCR technique

Accepted Answer

A)  can amplify only very small samples of DNA. 
B)  amplifies several random DNA sequences within a genome. 
C)  requires synthetic primers to flank the regions of interest. 
D)  is accomplished in three sequential steps: annealing, denaturation, and replication. 
E)  generates DNA molecules that all have variable sequences. 
A)  can amplify only very small samples of DNA. 
B)  amplifies several random DNA sequences within a genome. 
C)  requires synthetic primers to flank the regions of interest. 
D)  is accomplished in three sequential steps: annealing, denaturation, and replication. 
E)  generates DNA molecules that all have variable sequences.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orients polymerase to bind to substrates 
B)  Has binding sites for DNA ligase 
C)  Ensures that replication only occurs once per cell cycle 
D)  Binds with enzymes for DNA repairs 
E)  Prevents DNA polymerase from bonding to DNA 
A)  Orients polymerase to bind to substrates 
B)  Has binding sites for DNA ligase 
C)  Ensures that replication only occurs once per cell cycle 
D)  Binds with enzymes for DNA repairs 
E)  Prevents DNA polymerase from bonding to DNA

Question 19

In eukaryotes, Okazaki fragments are about _______ base pairs long.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100-200 
C)  1,500 
D)  150,000 
E)  15,000,000 
A)  50 
B)  100-200 
C)  1,500 
D)  150,000 
E)  15,000,000

Question 20

In a growing DNA strand, each monomer is added to which carbon of the deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

A)  1´ 
B)  2´ 
C)  3´ 
D)  4´ 
E)  5´ 
A)  1´ 
B)  2´ 
C)  3´ 
D)  4´ 
E)  5´

Exam 13: Dna and Its Role in Heredity

The structure of the DNA molecule was determined by the experiments of

The fidelity of DNA replication is astounding. During DNA synthesis, the error rate is on the order of one wrong nucleotide per

The replication of lagging strands of DNA differs from the replication of leading strands in that

Before the discovery of DNA, the hereditary material was thought to be made of proteins and not nucleic acids because

DNA polymerases catalyze many polymerizations each time they bind to a DNA molecule. There, DNA polymerases are said to be _______.

In PCR, _______ creates single-stranded DNA template molecules.

During infection of E. coli cells by bacteriophage T2,

The experiments of Meselson and Stahl established the _______ of DNA.

The rungs of the DNA ladder are

Ideally, PCR _______ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles.

Which of the following molecular models describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule?

If Meselson and Stahl had observed one intermediate, slightly smeared band after growing bacteria for one generation, and then after two generations again had found one slightly smeared band, they would most likely have concluded that DNA replicates

Proofreading and repair occur

One strand of DNA has the sequence 5´-ATTCCG-3´ The complementary strand for this is

The characteristic of DNA that allows it to make an exact copy of itself is its

The PCR technique

Which of the following is not a function of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)?

In eukaryotes, Okazaki fragments are about _______ base pairs long.

In a growing DNA strand, each monomer is added to which carbon of the deoxyribose?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

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Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

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The Plant Body

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Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

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Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

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Gas Exchange in Animals

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