Question 1

Which of the following cells develops into a human embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trophoblast 
B)  Extraembryonic membrane 
C)  Inner cell mass 
D)  Cumulus 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Trophoblast 
B)  Extraembryonic membrane 
C)  Inner cell mass 
D)  Cumulus 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

The cells that form the neural tube come from the

Accepted Answer

A)  notochord. 
B)  mesoderm. 
C)  endoderm. 
D)  ectoderm. 
E)  neuroderm. 
A)  notochord. 
B)  mesoderm. 
C)  endoderm. 
D)  ectoderm. 
E)  neuroderm.

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes neurulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The notochord forms a neural tube. 
B)  The neural tube is formed from ectoderm. 
C)  A neural tube forms around the notochord. 
D)  The neural tube forms somites. 
E)  In birds, the neural tube forms from the primitive groove. 
A)  The notochord forms a neural tube. 
B)  The neural tube is formed from ectoderm. 
C)  A neural tube forms around the notochord. 
D)  The neural tube forms somites. 
E)  In birds, the neural tube forms from the primitive groove.

Question 4

A cell is said to be _______ after the point at which the developmental fate of the cell will not change, even if the cell's surroundings are altered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cell is said to be _______...

Question 5

The sperm contributes _______ to the zygote.

Accepted Answer

A)  a nucleus 
B)  half of the mitochondria and a nucleus 
C)  a centriole and a nucleus 
D)  cilium and a nucleus 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a nucleus 
B)  half of the mitochondria and a nucleus 
C)  a centriole and a nucleus 
D)  cilium and a nucleus 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

The mesoderm

Accepted Answer

A)  is located on the outside of the embryo. 
B)  lies between the endoderm and the ectoderm. 
C)  is found in blastula-stage embryos. 
D)  gives rise to the linings of the gut. 
E)  is formed during cleavage. 
A)  is located on the outside of the embryo. 
B)  lies between the endoderm and the ectoderm. 
C)  is found in blastula-stage embryos. 
D)  gives rise to the linings of the gut. 
E)  is formed during cleavage.

Question 7

_______ are essential transcription factors to the process of anterior-posterior determination and differentiation.

Accepted Answer

Homeobox g

Question 8

In mammals and birds, the _______ is the structure from which the embryo is derived.

Accepted Answer

A)  trophoblast 
B)  cumulus cell 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  epiblast 
E)  hypoblast 
A)  trophoblast 
B)  cumulus cell 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  epiblast 
E)  hypoblast

Question 9

In which of the following animals is the cleavage pattern rotational?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frog 
B)  Mammal 
C)  Sea urchin 
D)  Mollusk 
E)  Bird 
A)  Frog 
B)  Mammal 
C)  Sea urchin 
D)  Mollusk 
E)  Bird

Question 10

Gradients of Noggin and Chordin are signaling molecules that initiate _______ of dorsal to ventral cell fates during mesoderm induction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gradients of Noggin and Chordin are signaling...

Question 11

Compare cleavage in birds and in mammals. How do differences in cleavage between these two groups influence gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

Due to the large amount of yolk in the a

Question 12

One of Hans Spemann's important experiments involved

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing human embryos into equal halves. 
B)  killing a single cell in a sea urchin embryo to study the effects. 
C)  dividing a frog embryo in two using a strand of his daughter's hair. 
D)  removing cytoplasm from muscle cells and transplanting it into a fertilized egg. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  dividing human embryos into equal halves. 
B)  killing a single cell in a sea urchin embryo to study the effects. 
C)  dividing a frog embryo in two using a strand of his daughter's hair. 
D)  removing cytoplasm from muscle cells and transplanting it into a fertilized egg. 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

In chicks, the first extraembryonic membrane to form is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In chicks, the first extraembryonic membrane to...

Question 14

Peripheral nerves are derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  mesodermal tissue. 
B)  neural crest cells. 
C)  somites. 
D)  microtubules. 
E)  organelles contributed by the sperm only. 
A)  mesodermal tissue. 
B)  neural crest cells. 
C)  somites. 
D)  microtubules. 
E)  organelles contributed by the sperm only.

Question 15

The order in which mammalian Hox genes are expressed during development

Accepted Answer

A)  varies between males and females. 
B)  depends on circulating hormone levels. 
C)  proceeds from the posterior to the anterior parts of the embryo. 
D)  reflects the order in which they appear on their chromosomes. 
E)  is the same order in which they were described by biologists. 
A)  varies between males and females. 
B)  depends on circulating hormone levels. 
C)  proceeds from the posterior to the anterior parts of the embryo. 
D)  reflects the order in which they appear on their chromosomes. 
E)  is the same order in which they were described by biologists.

Question 16

All of the following are features unique to mammalian cleavage except _______ cleavage.

Accepted Answer

A)  rotational 
B)  slow 
C)  incomplete 
D)  complete 
E)  None of the above 
A)  rotational 
B)  slow 
C)  incomplete 
D)  complete 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

The epiblast and the hypoblast are structures found in _______ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  human 
B)  frog 
C)  human and frog 
D)  chicken 
E)  human and chicken 
A)  human 
B)  frog 
C)  human and frog 
D)  chicken 
E)  human and chicken

Question 18

If you were to delete the cell of the vegetal pole in early-developing sea urchin embryos, the _______ tissue layers would likely not form.

Accepted Answer

A)  ectodermal 
B)  endothelial 
C)  endodermal 
D)  mesodermal 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ectodermal 
B)  endothelial 
C)  endodermal 
D)  mesodermal 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following was a conclusion from the experiments of Spemann and Mangold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytoplasmic determinants in the gray crescents are necessary for gastrulation. 
B)  In the late gastrula, regions of cells are already determined to form skin or nervous tissue. 
C)  In the early gastrula, regions of cells develop into tissues appropriate for their location. 
D)  The dorsal lip of the blastopore is the primary embryonic organizer. 
E)  The dorsal lip of the blastopore gives rise to grey crescent. 
A)  Cytoplasmic determinants in the gray crescents are necessary for gastrulation. 
B)  In the late gastrula, regions of cells are already determined to form skin or nervous tissue. 
C)  In the early gastrula, regions of cells develop into tissues appropriate for their location. 
D)  The dorsal lip of the blastopore is the primary embryonic organizer. 
E)  The dorsal lip of the blastopore gives rise to grey crescent.

Question 20

Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of developmental events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of the neural tube, movement of neural folds, thickening of neural ectoderm 
B)  Movement of neural folds, formation of the neural tube, thickening of neural ectoderm 
C)  Thickening of neural ectoderm, formation of the neural tube, movement of neural folds 
D)  Thickening of neural ectoderm, movement of neural folds, formation of the neural tube 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Formation of the neural tube, movement of neural folds, thickening of neural ectoderm 
B)  Movement of neural folds, formation of the neural tube, thickening of neural ectoderm 
C)  Thickening of neural ectoderm, formation of the neural tube, movement of neural folds 
D)  Thickening of neural ectoderm, movement of neural folds, formation of the neural tube 
E)  None of the above

Exam 44: Animal Development

Which of the following cells develops into a human embryo?

The cells that form the neural tube come from the

Which of the following characterizes neurulation?

A cell is said to be _______ after the point at which the developmental fate of the cell will not change, even if the cell's surroundings are altered.

The sperm contributes _______ to the zygote.

The mesoderm

_______ are essential transcription factors to the process of anterior-posterior determination and differentiation.

In mammals and birds, the _______ is the structure from which the embryo is derived.

In which of the following animals is the cleavage pattern rotational?

Gradients of Noggin and Chordin are signaling molecules that initiate _______ of dorsal to ventral cell fates during mesoderm induction.

Compare cleavage in birds and in mammals. How do differences in cleavage between these two groups influence gastrulation?

One of Hans Spemann's important experiments involved

In chicks, the first extraembryonic membrane to form is the _______.

Peripheral nerves are derived from

The order in which mammalian Hox genes are expressed during development

All of the following are features unique to mammalian cleavage except _______ cleavage.

The epiblast and the hypoblast are structures found in _______ development.

If you were to delete the cell of the vegetal pole in early-developing sea urchin embryos, the _______ tissue layers would likely not form.

Which of the following was a conclusion from the experiments of Spemann and Mangold?

Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of developmental events?

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