Question 1

What is the relation between pure water and acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  A solution with an OH- concentration greater than that of water acts as an acid. 
B)  Pure water is slightly acidic solution. 
C)  The concentrations of both H+ and OH- ions are equal. 
D)  The H+ concentration of water can be designated as 1 nmol/L. 
A)  A solution with an OH- concentration greater than that of water acts as an acid. 
B)  Pure water is slightly acidic solution. 
C)  The concentrations of both H+ and OH- ions are equal. 
D)  The H+ concentration of water can be designated as 1 nmol/L.

Question 2

Which of the following is false regarding body fluids and electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial fluid contains substantially more protein than does plasma. 
B)  Intravascular and interstitial fluid have similar electrolyte compositions. 
C)  Osmotic pressure helps to determine fluid distribution between compartments. 
D)  Proteins account for the high colloid osmotic pressure of plasma. 
A)  Interstitial fluid contains substantially more protein than does plasma. 
B)  Intravascular and interstitial fluid have similar electrolyte compositions. 
C)  Osmotic pressure helps to determine fluid distribution between compartments. 
D)  Proteins account for the high colloid osmotic pressure of plasma.

Question 3

What is a stable mixture of two or more evenly dispersed substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colloid 
B)  Mixture 
C)  Solution 
D)  Suspension 
A)  Colloid 
B)  Mixture 
C)  Solution 
D)  Suspension

Question 4

Which of the following describes the most important physiological characteristic of solutions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their ability to exert pressure 
B)  Their ability to redistribute in blood 
C)  Their ability to vary concentration inversely with tonicity 
D)  Their ability to vary pressure inversely with temperature 
A)  Their ability to exert pressure 
B)  Their ability to redistribute in blood 
C)  Their ability to vary concentration inversely with tonicity 
D)  Their ability to vary pressure inversely with temperature

Question 5

A serum value of 140 mEq/L of Na is equivalent to how many mg/dl?

Accepted Answer

A)  14 mg/dl 
B)  70 mg/dl 
C)  280 mg/dl 
D)  322 mg/dl 
A)  14 mg/dl 
B)  70 mg/dl 
C)  280 mg/dl 
D)  322 mg/dl

Question 6

What is the role of kidneys when a patient experiences acute respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl- shift enhances the body's compensatory mechanisms. 
B)  HCO3- is eliminated in the urine. 
C)  It dumps Cl- so as to retain HCO3-. 
D)  The Hamburger phenomenon occurs. 
A)  Cl- shift enhances the body's compensatory mechanisms. 
B)  HCO3- is eliminated in the urine. 
C)  It dumps Cl- so as to retain HCO3-. 
D)  The Hamburger phenomenon occurs.

Question 7

Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering.

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxygenated hemoglobin acts as an acid at the tissue level. 
B)  Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base. 
C)  Hemoglobin contributes more H+ in the face of increased histidine. 
D)  In an alkaline environment, hemoglobin becomes an ineffective base. 
A)  Deoxygenated hemoglobin acts as an acid at the tissue level. 
B)  Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base. 
C)  Hemoglobin contributes more H+ in the face of increased histidine. 
D)  In an alkaline environment, hemoglobin becomes an ineffective base.

Question 8

Which of the following is false regarding solubility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas solubility varies directly with pressure. 
B)  Gas solubility varies directly with temperature. 
C)  Solvents vary in their ability to dissolve substances. 
D)  The solubility of solids increases with temperature. 
A)  Gas solubility varies directly with pressure. 
B)  Gas solubility varies directly with temperature. 
C)  Solvents vary in their ability to dissolve substances. 
D)  The solubility of solids increases with temperature.

Question 9

Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bound to phosphate 
B)  Bound to proteins 
C)  In the cells 
D)  Ionized 
A)  Bound to phosphate 
B)  Bound to proteins 
C)  In the cells 
D)  Ionized

Question 10

What is a normal K+ blood level?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L 
B)  7.8 to 10.2 mEq/L 
C)  22 to 26 mEq/L 
D)  35 to 42 mEq/L 
A)  3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L 
B)  7.8 to 10.2 mEq/L 
C)  22 to 26 mEq/L 
D)  35 to 42 mEq/L

Question 11

Positive ions are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  anions. 
B)  cations. 
C)  covalents. 
D)  electrolytes. 
A)  anions. 
B)  cations. 
C)  covalents. 
D)  electrolytes.

Question 12

The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colloid 
B)  Mixture 
C)  Solution 
D)  Suspension 
A)  Colloid 
B)  Mixture 
C)  Solution 
D)  Suspension

Question 13

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corticosteroids 
B)  Insulin and glucose 
C)  K-sparing diuretics 
D)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 
A)  Corticosteroids 
B)  Insulin and glucose 
C)  K-sparing diuretics 
D)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Question 14

What effect do metabolic acidosis and aldosterone have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both result in renal loss of K+. 
B)  There is a loss of HCO3- and Cl- in the renal tubules. 
C)  There is retention of CO2 and Cl-. 
D)  They both cause renal retention of HCO3-. 
A)  They both result in renal loss of K+. 
B)  There is a loss of HCO3- and Cl- in the renal tubules. 
C)  There is retention of CO2 and Cl-. 
D)  They both cause renal retention of HCO3-.

Exam 13: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

What is the relation between pure water and acid-base balance?

Which of the following is false regarding body fluids and electrolytes?

What is a stable mixture of two or more evenly dispersed substances?

Which of the following describes the most important physiological characteristic of solutions?

A serum value of 140 mEq/L of Na is equivalent to how many mg/dl?

What is the role of kidneys when a patient experiences acute respiratory alkalosis?

Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering.

Which of the following is false regarding solubility?

Where is most of the Mg2+ found in the body?

What is a normal K+ blood level?

Positive ions are referred to as:

The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what?

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?

What effect do metabolic acidosis and aldosterone have in common?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Where is most of the Mg²⁺ found in the body?

What is a normal K⁺ blood level?

Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K⁺ in severe hyperkalemia?