Question 1

At a PaO2 of 65 mm Hg, what is the approximate saturation of Hb with O2?

Accepted Answer

A)  73% 
B)  80% 
C)  90% 
D)  97% 
A)  73% 
B)  80% 
C)  90% 
D)  97% C

Question 2

Calculate the approximate PAO2 given the following conditions (assume R = 0.8): FiO2 = .40, PB = 770 mm Hg, PACO2 = 31 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mm Hg 
B)  135 mm Hg 
C)  250 mm Hg 
D)  723 mm Hg 
A)  100 mm Hg 
B)  135 mm Hg 
C)  250 mm Hg 
D)  723 mm Hg C

Question 3

What is the most important component in the O2 transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolved O2 in ml/dl 
B)  HCO3- 
C)  Hb 
D)  PaO2 
A)  Dissolved O2 in ml/dl 
B)  HCO3- 
C)  Hb 
D)  PaO2 C

Question 4

What is the primary factor that maintains the pressure gradient that drives O2 from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces and into the cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bohr effect on the RBC 
B)  Cellular consumption of O2 
C)  Haldane effect on the RBC 
D)  Increased carbon dioxide in blood decreasing Hb affinity for O2 
A)  Bohr effect on the RBC 
B)  Cellular consumption of O2 
C)  Haldane effect on the RBC 
D)  Increased carbon dioxide in blood decreasing Hb affinity for O2

Question 5

Which of the following equations best describes O2 delivery to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial O2 content ÷ cardiac output 
B)  Arterial O2 content . cardiac output 
C)  Cardiac output + arterial O2 content 
D)  Cardiac output . vascular resistance 
A)  Arterial O2 content ÷ cardiac output 
B)  Arterial O2 content . cardiac output 
C)  Cardiac output + arterial O2 content 
D)  Cardiac output . vascular resistance

Question 6

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the effect of / imbalances on O2 and carbon dioxide exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood leaving highunits has a high PO2 and a low PCO2. 
B)  Blood leaving lowunits has a low PO2 and a high PCO2. 
C)  Highunits can compensate for high PCO2 levels from lowunits. 
D)  Highunits can compensate for low PO2 levels from lowunits. 
A)  Blood leaving highunits has a high PO2 and a low PCO2. 
B)  Blood leaving lowunits has a low PO2 and a high PCO2. 
C)  Highunits can compensate for high PCO2 levels from lowunits. 
D)  Highunits can compensate for low PO2 levels from lowunits.

Question 7

According to the Fick principle, if O2 consumption remains constant, an increase in cardiac output will manifest itself as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease in the CaO2 - CO2. 
B)  Increase in the CaO2. 
C)  Increase in the CaO2 - CO2. 
D)  Decrease in the CO2. 
A)  Decrease in the CaO2 - CO2. 
B)  Increase in the CaO2. 
C)  Increase in the CaO2 - CO2. 
D)  Decrease in the CO2.

Question 8

How is the vast majority of O2 carried in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  As bicarbonate ion (HCO3) 
B)  As carbamino compounds 
C)  Chemically combined with Hb 
D)  In physical solution 
A)  As bicarbonate ion (HCO3) 
B)  As carbamino compounds 
C)  Chemically combined with Hb 
D)  In physical solution

Question 9

What can you assume about a patient who has a   mismatch and exhibits hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The central nervous system is not responding to the increased PCO2. 
B)  The patient cannot sustain the high E to overcome the high VD. 
C)  The patient is compensating for an acute metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  The patient is compensating for a chronic metabolic acidosis. 
A)  The central nervous system is not responding to the increased PCO2. 
B)  The patient cannot sustain the high E to overcome the high VD. 
C)  The patient is compensating for an acute metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  The patient is compensating for a chronic metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

Hypoxia is best defined as a condition in which what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood Hb levels are less than normal (15 g/dl). 
B)  The arterial PCO2 is greater than normal (45 mm Hg). 
C)  The arterial PO2 is greater than normal (100 mm Hg). 
D)  Tissue O2 delivery is inadequate to meet cellular needs. 
A)  Blood Hb levels are less than normal (15 g/dl). 
B)  The arterial PCO2 is greater than normal (45 mm Hg). 
C)  The arterial PO2 is greater than normal (100 mm Hg). 
D)  Tissue O2 delivery is inadequate to meet cellular needs.

Question 11

What is the primary determinant of the PAO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body's CO2 
B)  Metabolic rate of the body tissues 
C)  PaO2 
D)  PO2 in the inspired gas 
A)  Body's CO2 
B)  Metabolic rate of the body tissues 
C)  PaO2 
D)  PO2 in the inspired gas

Question 12

A patient with a normal PaO2 and cardiac output is exhibiting signs and symptoms of tissue hypoxia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin deficiency 
B)  Low ambient PO2 
C)  Right-to-left shunt 
D)  Hypoventilation 
A)  Hemoglobin deficiency 
B)  Low ambient PO2 
C)  Right-to-left shunt 
D)  Hypoventilation

Question 13

An abnormal metabolic state in which the tissues are unable to utilize the O2 made available to them best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion hypoxia 
B)  Dysoxia 
C)  Hemic hypoxia 
D)  Physiologic shunt 
A)  Diffusion hypoxia 
B)  Dysoxia 
C)  Hemic hypoxia 
D)  Physiologic shunt

Question 14

The largest percentage of carbon dioxide transported in the blood occurs as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbamino-Hb 
B)  Carbonic acid (H2CO3) 
C)  HCO3- 
D)  Physically dissolved carbon dioxide 
A)  Carbamino-Hb 
B)  Carbonic acid (H2CO3) 
C)  HCO3- 
D)  Physically dissolved carbon dioxide

Question 15

In which of the following forms is/are carbon dioxide transported by the blood?
1) Chemically combined with proteins
2) Ionized as bicarbonate (HCO3-)
3) Simple physical solution

Accepted Answer

A) 2 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 2 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 16

What is the effect of an elevated intracellular 2,3-DPG concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases the availability of O2 to the tissues. 
B)  Increases the affinity of Hb for O2. 
C)  Increases the availability of O2 to the tissues. 
D)  Shifts the HbO2 dissociation curve to the left. 
A)  Decreases the availability of O2 to the tissues. 
B)  Increases the affinity of Hb for O2. 
C)  Increases the availability of O2 to the tissues. 
D)  Shifts the HbO2 dissociation curve to the left.

Question 17

The expected PaO2 for an 80-year-old man who is otherwise in good health and breathing room air is approximately what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 mm Hg 
B)  75 mm Hg 
C)  80 mm Hg 
D)  90 mm Hg 
A)  50 mm Hg 
B)  75 mm Hg 
C)  80 mm Hg 
D)  90 mm Hg

Question 18

Regarding pulmonary blood flow in the upright lung, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The apexes receive approximately 20 times more blood flow than the bases. 
B)  The bases receive approximately 20 times more blood flow than the apexes. 
C)  The greatest blood flow is found at the apexes of the lungs. 
D)  The pulmonary circulation is a high-pressure system. 
A)  The apexes receive approximately 20 times more blood flow than the bases. 
B)  The bases receive approximately 20 times more blood flow than the apexes. 
C)  The greatest blood flow is found at the apexes of the lungs. 
D)  The pulmonary circulation is a high-pressure system.

Question 19

Which of the following is/are true regarding the PACO2?
1) Directly proportional to whole-body carbon dioxide production
2) Directly proportional to alveolar ventilation (VA)
3) Normally maintained at approximately 35 to 45 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 20

Breathing room air, a normal PAO2 - PaO2 of 5 to 10 mm Hg exists due to which of the following?
1) Anatomical shunts in the pulmonary and cardiac circulations
2) Normal limitations to O2 diffusion in the lung
3) Regional differences in pulmonary ventilation and blood flow

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 2 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 2 only

Exam 12: Gas Exchange and Transport

At a PaO2 of 65 mm Hg, what is the approximate saturation of Hb with O2?

Calculate the approximate PAO2 given the following conditions (assume R = 0.8): FiO2 = .40, PB = 770 mm Hg, PACO2 = 31 mm Hg

What is the most important component in the O2 transport system?

What is the primary factor that maintains the pressure gradient that drives O2 from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces and into the cells?

Which of the following equations best describes O2 delivery to the tissues?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the effect of / imbalances on O2 and carbon dioxide exchange?

According to the Fick principle, if O2 consumption remains constant, an increase in cardiac output will manifest itself as which of the following?

How is the vast majority of O2 carried in the blood?

What can you assume about a patient who has a mismatch and exhibits hypercapnia?

Hypoxia is best defined as a condition in which what occurs?

What is the primary determinant of the PAO2?

A patient with a normal PaO2 and cardiac output is exhibiting signs and symptoms of tissue hypoxia. What is the most likely cause?

An abnormal metabolic state in which the tissues are unable to utilize the O2 made available to them best describes which of the following?

The largest percentage of carbon dioxide transported in the blood occurs as which of the following?

In which of the following forms is/are carbon dioxide transported by the blood? 1) Chemically combined with proteins 2) Ionized as bicarbonate (HCO3-) 3) Simple physical solution

What is the effect of an elevated intracellular 2,3-DPG concentration?

The expected PaO2 for an 80-year-old man who is otherwise in good health and breathing room air is approximately what level?

Regarding pulmonary blood flow in the upright lung, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is/are true regarding the PACO2? 1) Directly proportional to whole-body carbon dioxide production 2) Directly proportional to alveolar ventilation (VA) 3) Normally maintained at approximately 35 to 45 mm Hg

Breathing room air, a normal PAO2 - PaO2 of 5 to 10 mm Hg exists due to which of the following? 1) Anatomical shunts in the pulmonary and cardiac circulations 2) Normal limitations to O2 diffusion in the lung 3) Regional differences in pulmonary ventilation and blood flow

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

At a PaO₂ of 65 mm Hg, what is the approximate saturation of Hb with O₂?

Calculate the approximate PAO₂ given the following conditions (assume R = 0.8): FiO₂ = .40, P_B = 770 mm Hg, PACO₂ = 31 mm Hg

What is the most important component in the O₂ transport system?

What is the primary factor that maintains the pressure gradient that drives O₂ from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces and into the cells?

Which of the following equations best describes O₂ delivery to the tissues?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the effect of / imbalances on O₂ and carbon dioxide exchange?

According to the Fick principle, if O₂ consumption remains constant, an increase in cardiac output will manifest itself as which of the following?

How is the vast majority of O₂ carried in the blood?

What is the primary determinant of the PAO₂?

A patient with a normal PaO₂ and cardiac output is exhibiting signs and symptoms of tissue hypoxia. What is the most likely cause?

An abnormal metabolic state in which the tissues are unable to utilize the O₂ made available to them best describes which of the following?

In which of the following forms is/are carbon dioxide transported by the blood? 1) Chemically combined with proteins 2) Ionized as bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) 3) Simple physical solution

The expected PaO₂ for an 80-year-old man who is otherwise in good health and breathing room air is approximately what level?

Which of the following is/are true regarding the PACO₂? 1) Directly proportional to whole-body carbon dioxide production 2) Directly proportional to alveolar ventilation (V_A) 3) Normally maintained at approximately 35 to 45 mm Hg

Breathing room air, a normal PAO₂ - PaO₂ of 5 to 10 mm Hg exists due to which of the following? 1) Anatomical shunts in the pulmonary and cardiac circulations 2) Normal limitations to O₂ diffusion in the lung 3) Regional differences in pulmonary ventilation and blood flow