Question 1

Which of the following is considered a limitation of the high-flow nasal cannula?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not meet patient's flow needs. 
B)  The amount of airway positive pressure cannot be measured. 
C)  It does not provide for appropriate CO2 clearance. 
D)  It does not reduce the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. 
A)  It does not meet patient's flow needs. 
B)  The amount of airway positive pressure cannot be measured. 
C)  It does not provide for appropriate CO2 clearance. 
D)  It does not reduce the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. B

Question 2

You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm, AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles. 
B)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and fiftieth percentiles. 
C)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the fiftieth and ninetieth percentiles. 
D)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and twentieth percentiles. 
A)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles. 
B)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and fiftieth percentiles. 
C)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the fiftieth and ninetieth percentiles. 
D)  This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and twentieth percentiles. A

Question 3

Which of the following conditions affect placental blood flow during pregnancy?
1) Previous miscarriage
2) Smoking abstinence
3) Previous pregnancy complications
4) History of diabetes

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only D

Question 4

What is the recommended dose of inhaled NO?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 ppm 
B)  20 ppm 
C)  30 ppm 
D)  40 ppm 
A)  10 ppm 
B)  20 ppm 
C)  30 ppm 
D)  40 ppm

Question 5

What physiologic effect does inhaled nitric oxide have on the lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vasoconstriction 
B)  Pulmonary vasodilation 
C)  Smooth muscle dilation 
D)  Improved mucociliary clearance 
A)  Pulmonary vasoconstriction 
B)  Pulmonary vasodilation 
C)  Smooth muscle dilation 
D)  Improved mucociliary clearance

Question 6

Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the outcomes of pregnancy?
1) Maternal age
2) Prior maternal disease
3) Maternal drug use
4) Maternal birth history

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
D) 3 and 4 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
D) 3 and 4 only

Question 7

The most probable explanation for the flip-flop phenomenon in the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen (O2) toxicity. 
B)  right-to-left shunting. 
C)  cardiac disease. 
D)  reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction. 
A)  oxygen (O2) toxicity. 
B)  right-to-left shunting. 
C)  cardiac disease. 
D)  reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Question 8

Which of the following vacuum settings would you use to perform nasopharyngeal or nasotracheal suctioning of a 5-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A)  -100 to -120 mm Hg 
B)  -80 to -100 mm Hg 
C)  -40 to -60 mm Hg 
D)  -60 to -80 mm Hg 
A)  -100 to -120 mm Hg 
B)  -80 to -100 mm Hg 
C)  -40 to -60 mm Hg 
D)  -60 to -80 mm Hg

Question 9

What FiO2 should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Same FiO2 on the ventilator 
B)  Always 100% 
C)  FiO2 10% to 15% higher than FiO2 set in the ventilator 
D)  Low FiO2 to prevent retinopathy of prematurity 
A)  Same FiO2 on the ventilator 
B)  Always 100% 
C)  FiO2 10% to 15% higher than FiO2 set in the ventilator 
D)  Low FiO2 to prevent retinopathy of prematurity

Question 10

Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dubowitz 
B)  Adams 
C)  Apgar 
D)  Perkinson 
A)  Dubowitz 
B)  Adams 
C)  Apgar 
D)  Perkinson

Question 11

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO2 elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure amplitude 
B)  Mean airway pressure 
C)  High-frequency rate 
D)  Sinusoidal waveform 
A)  Pressure amplitude 
B)  Mean airway pressure 
C)  High-frequency rate 
D)  Sinusoidal waveform

Question 12

What positive end expiratory pressure level is commonly used in pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 3 cm H2O 
B)  3 to 5 cm H2O 
C)  5 to 8 cm H2O 
D)  10 to 12 cm H2O 
A)  1 to 3 cm H2O 
B)  3 to 5 cm H2O 
C)  5 to 8 cm H2O 
D)  10 to 12 cm H2O

Question 13

Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 7.1 
B)  Less than 7.2 
C)  Less than 7.3 
D)  Less than 7.4 
A)  Less than 7.1 
B)  Less than 7.2 
C)  Less than 7.3 
D)  Less than 7.4

Question 14

Which of the following O2 modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FiO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mist tent 
B)  Cannula 
C)  Oxy-Hood 
D)  Mask 
A)  Mist tent 
B)  Cannula 
C)  Oxy-Hood 
D)  Mask

Question 15

Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  40/min 
B)  50/min 
C)  60/min 
D)  70/min 
A)  40/min 
B)  50/min 
C)  60/min 
D)  70/min

Question 16

Which of the following may indicate a decrease in systemic vascular blood flow during high-frequency ventilation?
1) High central venous pressure (CVP)
2) Low CVP
3) Decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP)
4) Increased MAP

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 17

What is the normal arterial PO2 in healthy infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greater than 50 mm Hg 
B)  Greater than 60 mm Hg 
C)  Greater than 70 mm Hg 
D)  Greater than 80 mm Hg 
A)  Greater than 50 mm Hg 
B)  Greater than 60 mm Hg 
C)  Greater than 70 mm Hg 
D)  Greater than 80 mm Hg

Question 18

In which of the following conditions may bronchial hygiene therapy be considered for infants or children?
1) Hyaline membrane disease
2) Foreign body aspiration
3) Cystic fibrosis
4) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 19

During resuscitation of a newborn, after 15 to 30 sec of positive-pressure ventilation, what should the clinician do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaluate the heart rate. 
B)  Suction the mouth, then the nose. 
C)  Begin chest compressions. 
D)  Initiate medications. 
A)  Evaluate the heart rate. 
B)  Suction the mouth, then the nose. 
C)  Begin chest compressions. 
D)  Initiate medications.

Question 20

At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-min Apgar score?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6

Exam 53: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Which of the following is considered a limitation of the high-flow nasal cannula?

You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm, AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?

Which of the following conditions affect placental blood flow during pregnancy? 1) Previous miscarriage 2) Smoking abstinence 3) Previous pregnancy complications 4) History of diabetes

What is the recommended dose of inhaled NO?

What physiologic effect does inhaled nitric oxide have on the lung?

Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the outcomes of pregnancy? 1) Maternal age 2) Prior maternal disease 3) Maternal drug use 4) Maternal birth history

The most probable explanation for the flip-flop phenomenon in the newborn is:

Which of the following vacuum settings would you use to perform nasopharyngeal or nasotracheal suctioning of a 5-year-old child?

What FiO2 should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?

Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO2 elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

What positive end expiratory pressure level is commonly used in pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?

Which of the following O2 modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FiO2?

Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?

Which of the following may indicate a decrease in systemic vascular blood flow during high-frequency ventilation? 1) High central venous pressure (CVP) 2) Low CVP 3) Decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) 4) Increased MAP

What is the normal arterial PO2 in healthy infants?

In which of the following conditions may bronchial hygiene therapy be considered for infants or children? 1) Hyaline membrane disease 2) Foreign body aspiration 3) Cystic fibrosis 4) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

During resuscitation of a newborn, after 15 to 30 sec of positive-pressure ventilation, what should the clinician do?

At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-min Apgar score?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What FiO₂ should be used in neonates prior to endotracheal suctioning?

In high-frequency ventilation (HFV), CO₂ elimination depends mainly on which of the following?

Which of the following O₂ modalities would you recommend for a toddler needing a low FiO₂?

What is the normal arterial PO₂ in healthy infants?