Question 1

The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause almost the entire afterload for the ventricles. 
B)  Consist of two half-moon or crescent-shaped cusps. 
C)  Prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation. 
D)  Separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts. 
A)  Cause almost the entire afterload for the ventricles. 
B)  Consist of two half-moon or crescent-shaped cusps. 
C)  Prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation. 
D)  Separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts. D

Question 2

Which of the following would have a negative impact on cardiac contractility?
1) Acidosis
2) Digitalis
3) Hypoxia
4) Norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1 and 3 only D

Question 3

Given a stroke volume of 40 ml and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 70 ml, what is the patient's ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.57 
B)  1.75 
C)  67 
D)  2800 
A)  0.57 
B)  1.75 
C)  67 
D)  2800 A

Question 4

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure $\times$ SV 
B)  Rate $\times$ SV 
C)  SV ÷ rate 
D)  SV $\times$ vascular resistance 
A)  Blood pressure $\times$ SV 
B)  Rate $\times$ SV 
C)  SV ÷ rate 
D)  SV $\times$ vascular resistance

Question 5

Which of the following variation(s) control(s) blood flow to the heart?
1) Local metabolic control mechanisms
2) Local myogenic control mechanisms
3) Central neural innervation

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 only 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 only 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 6

The apex of the heart (tip of the left ventricle) lies just above the diaphragm at a level corresponding to which intercostal space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fourth 
B)  Fifth 
C)  Sixth 
D)  Seventh 
A)  Fourth 
B)  Fifth 
C)  Sixth 
D)  Seventh

Question 7

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction. 
B)  Separates the right atrium and the left atrium. 
C)  Separates the right atrium and the right ventricle. 
D)  Separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. 
A)  Prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction. 
B)  Separates the right atrium and the left atrium. 
C)  Separates the right atrium and the right ventricle. 
D)  Separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Question 8

Which vessels in the body act like faucets, controlling the flow of blood into the capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Veins 
D)  Venules 
A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Veins 
D)  Venules

Question 9

Stroke volume can be calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ejection fraction $\times$ heart rate 
B)  End-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume 
C)  Ejection fraction $\times$ end-systolic volume 
D)  Cardiac output ÷ end-diastolic volume 
A)  Ejection fraction $\times$ heart rate 
B)  End-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume 
C)  Ejection fraction $\times$ end-systolic volume 
D)  Cardiac output ÷ end-diastolic volume

Question 10

What is the role of the left and right ventricles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supply the body with blood. 
B)  Increase the concentration of red blood cells in the blood. 
C)  The forward movement of the blood. 
D)  Draining of blood into the right atrium. 
A)  Supply the body with blood. 
B)  Increase the concentration of red blood cells in the blood. 
C)  The forward movement of the blood. 
D)  Draining of blood into the right atrium.

Question 11

Why are the vessels of the venous system, particularly the small venules and veins, termed capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transmit and maintain the head of perfusion pressure. 
B)  They can alter their capacity to maintain adequate perfusion. 
C)  They determine the afterload on the left ventricle. 
D)  They maintain a constant environment for the body's cells. 
A)  They transmit and maintain the head of perfusion pressure. 
B)  They can alter their capacity to maintain adequate perfusion. 
C)  They determine the afterload on the left ventricle. 
D)  They maintain a constant environment for the body's cells.

Question 12

During blood loss due to hemorrhage, perfusing pressures can be kept near normal until the volume loss overwhelms the system. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
B)  Arterioles dilate, decreasing vascular capacity. 
C)  Muscle vessels dilate, increasing vascular capacity. 
D)  Venules constrict, decreasing vascular capacity. 
A)  Arteries constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
B)  Arterioles dilate, decreasing vascular capacity. 
C)  Muscle vessels dilate, increasing vascular capacity. 
D)  Venules constrict, decreasing vascular capacity.

Question 13

The semilunar valves close when which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B)  The pressures in the ventricles and arteries become equal. 
C)  The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
D)  The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria. 
A)  The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B)  The pressures in the ventricles and arteries become equal. 
C)  The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
D)  The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria.

Question 14

What makes it impossible for the myocardium to go into tetany?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute refractory period 
B)  Automaticity 
C)  Cardiac myofibrils 
D)  Intercalated discs 
A)  Absolute refractory period 
B)  Automaticity 
C)  Cardiac myofibrils 
D)  Intercalated discs

Question 15

Which factor stimulates the carotid and aortic chemoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  High carbon dioxide levels 
B)  High oxygen (O2) levels 
C)  High pH levels 
D)  High 2,3-DPG levels 
A)  High carbon dioxide levels 
B)  High oxygen (O2) levels 
C)  High pH levels 
D)  High 2,3-DPG levels

Question 16

What is the role of the dense connective tissue termed annulus fibrosi cordis in the function of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides an anchoring structure for the heart valves, and also electrically isolates the atria from the ventricle. 
B)  Allows the blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium before birth. 
C)  Pulls in the right ventricular wall, aiding its contraction. 
D)  Separate the right and left ventricles. 
A)  Provides an anchoring structure for the heart valves, and also electrically isolates the atria from the ventricle. 
B)  Allows the blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium before birth. 
C)  Pulls in the right ventricular wall, aiding its contraction. 
D)  Separate the right and left ventricles.

Question 17

Which portion of the nervous system is mainly responsible for the central control of the blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher brain centers 
B)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
C)  Somatic (voluntary) nervous system 
D)  Sympathetic nervous system 
A)  Higher brain centers 
B)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
C)  Somatic (voluntary) nervous system 
D)  Sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

What is a potential cause of cardiac tamponade?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large pericardial effusion 
B)  Blockage of the left ventricle 
C)  Excessive amount of fluid the pleural space 
D)  Clots in the superior vena cava 
A)  A large pericardial effusion 
B)  Blockage of the left ventricle 
C)  Excessive amount of fluid the pleural space 
D)  Clots in the superior vena cava

Question 19

Where are the central centers responsible for regulating the cardiovascular system located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aortic bodies 
B)  Brainstem 
C)  Carotid arteries 
D)  Cerebral hemispheres 
A)  Aortic bodies 
B)  Brainstem 
C)  Carotid arteries 
D)  Cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

The second heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
B)  Atrioventricular valve opening 
C)  Semilunar valve closure 
D)  Semilunar valve opening 
A)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
B)  Atrioventricular valve opening 
C)  Semilunar valve closure 
D)  Semilunar valve opening

Exam 10: The Cardiovascular System

The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following?

Which of the following would have a negative impact on cardiac contractility? 1) Acidosis 2) Digitalis 3) Hypoxia 4) Norepinephrine

Given a stroke volume of 40 ml and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 70 ml, what is the patient's ejection fraction (EF)?

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

Which of the following variation(s) control(s) blood flow to the heart? 1) Local metabolic control mechanisms 2) Local myogenic control mechanisms 3) Central neural innervation

The apex of the heart (tip of the left ventricle) lies just above the diaphragm at a level corresponding to which intercostal space?

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

Which vessels in the body act like faucets, controlling the flow of blood into the capillary beds?

Stroke volume can be calculated using which formula?

What is the role of the left and right ventricles?

Why are the vessels of the venous system, particularly the small venules and veins, termed capacitance vessels?

During blood loss due to hemorrhage, perfusing pressures can be kept near normal until the volume loss overwhelms the system. Why is this so?

The semilunar valves close when which of the following occurs?

What makes it impossible for the myocardium to go into tetany?

Which factor stimulates the carotid and aortic chemoreceptors?

What is the role of the dense connective tissue termed annulus fibrosi cordis in the function of the heart?

Which portion of the nervous system is mainly responsible for the central control of the blood flow?

What is a potential cause of cardiac tamponade?

Where are the central centers responsible for regulating the cardiovascular system located?

The second heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

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