Question 1

During the normal events of the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrical depolarization follows mechanical contraction. 
B)  Electrical depolarization precedes mechanical contraction. 
C)  Heart sounds precede electrical depolarization. 
D)  Heart sounds precede cardiac valve opening or closing. 
A)  Electrical depolarization follows mechanical contraction. 
B)  Electrical depolarization precedes mechanical contraction. 
C)  Heart sounds precede electrical depolarization. 
D)  Heart sounds precede cardiac valve opening or closing.

Question 2

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left atrium (L
A)  
B)  Left ventricle (LV) 
C)  Right atrium (R
A)  
D)  Right ventricle (RV) 
A)  Left atrium (L
A)  
B)  Left ventricle (LV) 
C)  Right atrium (R
A)  
D)  Right ventricle (RV)

Question 3

The heart's ability to vary stroke volume based solely on changes in end-diastolic volume is based on what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Automaticity 
B)  Autoregulation 
C)  Bohr equation 
D)  Frank-Starling's law 
A)  Automaticity 
B)  Autoregulation 
C)  Bohr equation 
D)  Frank-Starling's law

Question 4

The cardiovascular system regulates perfusion mainly by altering which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capacity and resistance of blood vessels 
B)  Rate of cardiac contractions 
C)  Strength of cardiac contractions 
D)  Volume of cardiac contractions 
A)  Capacity and resistance of blood vessels 
B)  Rate of cardiac contractions 
C)  Strength of cardiac contractions 
D)  Volume of cardiac contractions

Question 5

Central, or extrinsic, control of the cardiovascular system occurs through the action of which of the following?
1) Autonomic nervous system
2) Circulating humoral agents
3) Local metabolites

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 2 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 2 only

Question 6

The branches of the left coronary artery DO NOT supply which area of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Majority of the interventricular septum 
B)  Majority of the left ventricle 
C)  Majority of the left atrium 
D)  Sinus node 
A)  Majority of the interventricular septum 
B)  Majority of the left ventricle 
C)  Majority of the left atrium 
D)  Sinus node

Question 7

What are the first arteries to branch off the ascending aorta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brachiocephalic 
B)  Carotid 
C)  Coronary 
D)  Subclavian 
A)  Brachiocephalic 
B)  Carotid 
C)  Coronary 
D)  Subclavian

Question 8

Mean arterial blood pressure can be regulated by changing which of the following?
1) Capacity of the circulatory system
2) Effective volume of circulating blood
3) Tone of the capacitance vessels (veins)

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 3 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 3 only

Question 9

Which of the following variations control blood flow to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central neural innervation 
B)  Circulation of humoral agents 
C)  Local metabolic control mechanisms 
D)  Local myogenic control mechanisms 
A)  Central neural innervation 
B)  Circulation of humoral agents 
C)  Local metabolic control mechanisms 
D)  Local myogenic control mechanisms

Question 10

Smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation are caused mainly by which of the following?
1) Action of local metabolites
2) Cholinergic stimulation
3) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 11

Considering the negative feedback system for the control of blood pressure, when a blood pressure rise is noted in the arterial receptors, what is the expected response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreased inotropic state 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Venoconstriction 
A)  Arterial vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreased inotropic state 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Venoconstriction

Question 12

The first heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
B)  Atrioventricular valve opening 
C)  Semilunar valve closure 
D)  Semilunar valve opening 
A)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
B)  Atrioventricular valve opening 
C)  Semilunar valve closure 
D)  Semilunar valve opening

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is equal to systemic resistance. 
B)  Pulmonary vasculature is a high-pressure, high-resistance circulation. 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is less than PVR. 
D)  SVR is normally approximately 10 times higher than PVR. 
A)  Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is equal to systemic resistance. 
B)  Pulmonary vasculature is a high-pressure, high-resistance circulation. 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is less than PVR. 
D)  SVR is normally approximately 10 times higher than PVR.

Question 14

Which of the following factors determine cardiac stroke volume?
1) Ventricular preload
2) Ventricular afterload
3) Ventricular contractility

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

What is a normal cardiac ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  24% 
B)  44% 
C)  64% 
D)  84% 
A)  24% 
B)  44% 
C)  64% 
D)  84%

Question 16

An abnormal amount of fluid can accumulate between the layers of the pericardium resulting in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pericardial effusion 
B)  Pulmonary embolism 
C)  Atrial fibrillation 
D)  Premature ventricular contractions 
A)  Pericardial effusion 
B)  Pulmonary embolism 
C)  Atrial fibrillation 
D)  Premature ventricular contractions

Question 17

Changes in the rate of cardiac contractions are affected primarily by changes in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic or parasympathetic tone 
B)  Ventricular afterload 
C)  Ventricular contractility 
D)  Ventricular preload 
A)  Sympathetic or parasympathetic tone 
B)  Ventricular afterload 
C)  Ventricular contractility 
D)  Ventricular preload

Question 18

What is the ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Automaticity 
B)  Conductivity 
C)  Contractility 
D)  Excitability 
A)  Automaticity 
B)  Conductivity 
C)  Contractility 
D)  Excitability

Question 19

Vascular low-pressure baroreceptors have their greatest impact on which system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central chemoreceptors 
B)  Endocrine 
C)  Exocrine 
D)  Renin-angiotensin 
A)  Central chemoreceptors 
B)  Endocrine 
C)  Exocrine 
D)  Renin-angiotensin

Question 20

Central control of vasomotor tone has its greatest impact on which of the following vessels?
1) Arterioles (resistance vessels)
2) Veins (capacitance vessels)
3) Microcirculation (exchange vessels)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Exam 10: The Cardiovascular System

During the normal events of the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is true?

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

The heart's ability to vary stroke volume based solely on changes in end-diastolic volume is based on what mechanism?

The cardiovascular system regulates perfusion mainly by altering which of the following?

Central, or extrinsic, control of the cardiovascular system occurs through the action of which of the following? 1) Autonomic nervous system 2) Circulating humoral agents 3) Local metabolites

The branches of the left coronary artery DO NOT supply which area of the heart?

What are the first arteries to branch off the ascending aorta?

Mean arterial blood pressure can be regulated by changing which of the following? 1) Capacity of the circulatory system 2) Effective volume of circulating blood 3) Tone of the capacitance vessels (veins)

Which of the following variations control blood flow to the brain?

Smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation are caused mainly by which of the following? 1) Action of local metabolites 2) Cholinergic stimulation 3) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Considering the negative feedback system for the control of blood pressure, when a blood pressure rise is noted in the arterial receptors, what is the expected response?

The first heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following factors determine cardiac stroke volume? 1) Ventricular preload 2) Ventricular afterload 3) Ventricular contractility

What is a normal cardiac ejection fraction?

An abnormal amount of fluid can accumulate between the layers of the pericardium resulting in which of the following?

Changes in the rate of cardiac contractions are affected primarily by changes in which of the following?

What is the ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses?

Vascular low-pressure baroreceptors have their greatest impact on which system?

Central control of vasomotor tone has its greatest impact on which of the following vessels? 1) Arterioles (resistance vessels) 2) Veins (capacitance vessels) 3) Microcirculation (exchange vessels)

History of Respiratory Care

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