Exam 10: The Cardiovascular System

Which of the following mechanisms facilitate venous return to the heart? 1) Sodium/potassium pump 2) Sympathetic venomotor tone 3) Cardiac suction 4) Skeletal muscle contraction

What is an approximate normal resting cardiac output for a healthy adult?

Toward the end of systole, as repolarization starts (indicated by the T wave), the ventricles begin to relax. Which of the following will occur next?

Significant loss of blood volume causes an increase in which of the following? 1) Vascular tone 2) Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 3) Heart rate

What are the major effects of peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation?

Opening of the semilunar valves occurs when which of the following occurs?

Central mechanisms cause contraction and increased resistance to blood flow mainly through which of the following?

Tissue layers making up the heart wall include which of the following? 1) Endocardium 2) Epicardium 3) Myocardium

What is the primary function of local or intrinsic cardiovascular control mechanisms?

Which of the following equations best depicts the factors determining mean arterial blood pressure?

What are the major branches of the left coronary artery? 1) Anterior descending 2) Circumflex 3) Coronary sinus 4) Posterior descending

What is the affect on the cardiovascular medullary centers when the cerebral carbon dioxide is low?

Which of the following equations would you use to compute systemic vascular resistance?

The dicrotic notch recorded in the aorta immediately follows what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

What in essence is Frank-Starling's law of the heart?

The underlying goal of the body's cardiovascular control mechanisms is to ensure that all tissues receive which of the following?

What circulatory system is referred to as a low-pressure, low-resistance system?

Intercalated discs in the myocardium perform a very important function. Which of the following describes that function?

What is the loose membranous sac that encloses the heart?

Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (a right-to-left shunt) occurs normally because of which of the following? 1) Congenital cardiac defects 2) Bronchial venous drainage 3) Thebesian venous drainage in the heart