Question 1

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the incidence of RDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternal heart disease 
B)  Maternal diabetes 
C)  Maternal asthma 
D)  Long labor 
A)  Maternal heart disease 
B)  Maternal diabetes 
C)  Maternal asthma 
D)  Long labor B

Question 2

Which of the following clinical findings suggest the child with croup should be hospitalized?
1) Stridor at rest
2) Suprasternal retractions
3) Cyanosis on room air
4) Harsh breath sounds

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 D

Question 3

What treatment may improve lung fluid clearance in the infant with transient tachypnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  CPAP 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Mechanical ventilation 
D)  Frequent turning of the infant 
A)  CPAP 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Mechanical ventilation 
D)  Frequent turning of the infant D

Question 4

What is the maximum PIP that should be used with mechanical ventilation of larger premature infants to prevent volutrauma?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 cm H2O 
B)  30 cm H2O 
C)  40 cm H2O 
D)  50 cm H2O 
A)  25 cm H2O 
B)  30 cm H2O 
C)  40 cm H2O 
D)  50 cm H2O

Question 5

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in the newborn with severe cyanosis at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persistent pulmonary hypertension 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Transposition of the great vessels 
D)  Ventricular septal defect 
A)  Persistent pulmonary hypertension 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Transposition of the great vessels 
D)  Ventricular septal defect

Question 6

What is the best strategy in the management of BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adequate fluid management 
B)  Prevention 
C)  Aggressive mechanical ventilation 
D)  PEEP 
A)  Adequate fluid management 
B)  Prevention 
C)  Aggressive mechanical ventilation 
D)  PEEP

Question 7

What modality is believed to be the cause of a decrease in the reported incidence of epiglottitis over the past decade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaccine 
B)  Better diet 
C)  Improved epidemiology reporting 
D)  Better quality of air 
A)  Vaccine 
B)  Better diet 
C)  Improved epidemiology reporting 
D)  Better quality of air

Question 8

Which of the following findings on the chest radiograph are typical for RDS?
1) Hyperinflation
2) Air bronchograms
3) Diffuse hazy infiltrates
4) Bilateral reticulogranular densities

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 9

Which of the following groups of infants should receive passive immunization for RSV?
1) Chronic lung disease
2) Infants born less than 32 weeks' gestational age
3) Infants with congenital heart disease
4) Infants with retinopathy of prematurity

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 10

A 2-year-old boy is in severe respiratory distress. The child is drooling and has labored breathing. Stridor is heard. RR is 42 breaths/min and HR is 148 beats/min. What should be done next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intubate. 
B)  Provide 100% oxygen on nonrebreather mask. 
C)  Administer racemic epinephrine. 
D)  Place on CPAP with low PSV. 
A)  Intubate. 
B)  Provide 100% oxygen on nonrebreather mask. 
C)  Administer racemic epinephrine. 
D)  Place on CPAP with low PSV.

Question 11

Which of the following ventilatory modalities have been associated with a lesser rate of air leak in meconium aspiration syndrome?
1) IMV
2) HFV
3) CPAP

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 3 only 
A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 3 only

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true about croup?
1) Caused by viral organism
2) Most common form of airway obstruction in children aged 6 months to 6 years
3) Causes subglottic swelling and obstruction
4) Most often caused by parainfluenza virus

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 13

Which of the following are indications for RSV prophylactic therapy?
1) Infants less than 32 weeks and requiring FiO2 greater than 0.21 for at least the first 28 days of life
2) Cyanotic heart defects in the first year of life
3) Severely immunocompromised children less than 24 months of age
4) Children with cystic fibrosis

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 14

Which of the following clinical signs are common with croup?
1) Stridor
2) Murmur
3) Coughing
4) Cyanosis

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 15

Which of the following blood gas alteration is usually seen in meconium aspiration syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis 
B)  Hypoxemia and mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Hypoxemia and normal acid-base balance 
D)  Hypoxemia and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis 
A)  Hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis 
B)  Hypoxemia and mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Hypoxemia and normal acid-base balance 
D)  Hypoxemia and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Which of the following is not associated with apnea episodes in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apnea lasts longer than 15 sec. 
B)  Apnea is associated with cyanosis. 
C)  Apnea is associated with bradycardia. 
D)  Apnea lasts longer than 1 min. 
A)  Apnea lasts longer than 15 sec. 
B)  Apnea is associated with cyanosis. 
C)  Apnea is associated with bradycardia. 
D)  Apnea lasts longer than 1 min.

Question 17

Which of the following should be done early in the treatment of the nonvigorous infant with meconium aspiration syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Suctioning 
B)  Mask CPAP 
C)  Antibiotics 
D)  Vasopressors 
A)  Suctioning 
B)  Mask CPAP 
C)  Antibiotics 
D)  Vasopressors

Question 18

What physiologic abnormality is believed to be the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right-to-left shunting 
B)  High cardiac output 
C)  High pulmonary vascular resistance 
D)  Metabolic acidosis 
A)  Right-to-left shunting 
B)  High cardiac output 
C)  High pulmonary vascular resistance 
D)  Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

Which of the following defects is not associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular septal defect 
B)  Right ventricular hypoplasia 
C)  Pulmonary stenosis 
D)  Dextroposition of the aorta 
A)  Ventricular septal defect 
B)  Right ventricular hypoplasia 
C)  Pulmonary stenosis 
D)  Dextroposition of the aorta

Question 20

Which of the following is the most common type of esophageal atresia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esophageal atresia with a proximal fistula 
B)  Esophageal atresia with a distal fistula 
C)  Intact esophagus with an H fistula 
D)  Esophageal atresia without either fistula 
A)  Esophageal atresia with a proximal fistula 
B)  Esophageal atresia with a distal fistula 
C)  Intact esophagus with an H fistula 
D)  Esophageal atresia without either fistula

Exam 34: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in the incidence of RDS?

Which of the following clinical findings suggest the child with croup should be hospitalized? 1) Stridor at rest 2) Suprasternal retractions 3) Cyanosis on room air 4) Harsh breath sounds

What treatment may improve lung fluid clearance in the infant with transient tachypnea?

What is the maximum PIP that should be used with mechanical ventilation of larger premature infants to prevent volutrauma?

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in the newborn with severe cyanosis at birth?

What is the best strategy in the management of BPD?

What modality is believed to be the cause of a decrease in the reported incidence of epiglottitis over the past decade?

Which of the following findings on the chest radiograph are typical for RDS? 1) Hyperinflation 2) Air bronchograms 3) Diffuse hazy infiltrates 4) Bilateral reticulogranular densities

Which of the following groups of infants should receive passive immunization for RSV? 1) Chronic lung disease 2) Infants born less than 32 weeks' gestational age 3) Infants with congenital heart disease 4) Infants with retinopathy of prematurity

A 2-year-old boy is in severe respiratory distress. The child is drooling and has labored breathing. Stridor is heard. RR is 42 breaths/min and HR is 148 beats/min. What should be done next?

Which of the following ventilatory modalities have been associated with a lesser rate of air leak in meconium aspiration syndrome? 1) IMV 2) HFV 3) CPAP

Which of the following statements are true about croup? 1) Caused by viral organism 2) Most common form of airway obstruction in children aged 6 months to 6 years 3) Causes subglottic swelling and obstruction 4) Most often caused by parainfluenza virus

Which of the following clinical signs are common with croup? 1) Stridor 2) Murmur 3) Coughing 4) Cyanosis

Which of the following blood gas alteration is usually seen in meconium aspiration syndrome?

Which of the following is not associated with apnea episodes in premature infants?

Which of the following should be done early in the treatment of the nonvigorous infant with meconium aspiration syndrome?

What physiologic abnormality is believed to be the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?

Which of the following defects is not associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

Which of the following is the most common type of esophageal atresia?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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