Question 1

What is considered to be the major problem with the use of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient compliance 
B)  Frequent pneumothorax 
C)  Cardiovascular complications 
D)  Expense 
A)  Patient compliance 
B)  Frequent pneumothorax 
C)  Cardiovascular complications 
D)  Expense A

Question 2

What value for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is consistent with moderate obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 15 
B)  15 to 30 
C)  Above 30 
D)  Below 5 
A)  5 to 15 
B)  15 to 30 
C)  Above 30 
D)  Below 5 B

Question 3

Which of the following physical exam findings are associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
1) Large tonsils
2) Microcephaly
3) Macroglossia
4) Deviated nasal septum

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only D

Question 4

Central sleep apnea occurs more often than obstructive sleep apnea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following medical therapies is considered first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Surgery 
C)  Oxygen therapy 
D)  Antibiotics 
A)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
B)  Surgery 
C)  Oxygen therapy 
D)  Antibiotics

Question 6

What is believed to be the cause of systemic hypertension in patients with sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypervolemia 
B)  Increased sympathetic tone 
C)  Elevated CO2 
D)  Tachycardia 
A)  Hypervolemia 
B)  Increased sympathetic tone 
C)  Elevated CO2 
D)  Tachycardia

Question 7

What percent of the adult population is believed to have obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 1% 
B)  2% to 4% 
C)  5% to 10% 
D)  Unknown 
A)  Less than 1% 
B)  2% to 4% 
C)  5% to 10% 
D)  Unknown

Question 8

Which of the following factors has been shown to positively correlate with obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Age 
B)  Height 
C)  Obesity of the upper body 
D)  Blood pressure at rest 
A)  Age 
B)  Height 
C)  Obesity of the upper body 
D)  Blood pressure at rest

Question 9

What term is used to describe a significant decrease in airflow during sleep but not a complete cessation of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apnea 
B)  Minor apnea 
C)  Hypopnea 
D)  Dyspnea 
A)  Apnea 
B)  Minor apnea 
C)  Hypopnea 
D)  Dyspnea

Question 10

What is the name of the respiratory pattern where a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of hyperpnea alternates with periods of apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cheyne-Stokes 
B)  Kussmaul 
C)  Agonal 
D)  Biot's 
A)  Cheyne-Stokes 
B)  Kussmaul 
C)  Agonal 
D)  Biot's

Question 11

What term is used to describe CPAP units that use a computer to adjust CPAP levels as needed by the patient during sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Min-CPAP 
B)  Max-CPAP 
C)  Retro-CPAP 
D)  Auto-CPAP 
A)  Min-CPAP 
B)  Max-CPAP 
C)  Retro-CPAP 
D)  Auto-CPAP

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics are typically associated with sleep apnea?
1) Male patient
2) Over the age of 40 years
3) Hypotensive
4) Loud snoring during sleep

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 13

Which of the following are parameters used to confirm the metabolic syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
1) Low triglycerides
2) Insulin resistance
3) Hypertension
4) Impaired glucose intolerance

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 14

Which of the following parameters is not typically monitored with a polysomnogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  SaO2 
B)  Electroencephalogram (EEG) 
C)  Breathing effort 
D)  Exhaled PCO2 
A)  SaO2 
B)  Electroencephalogram (EEG) 
C)  Breathing effort 
D)  Exhaled PCO2

Question 15

When differentiating between central and obstructive sleep apnea, which of the following "channels" or parameters would reflect vastly different results during an apneic episode or event?

Accepted Answer

A)  SpO2 
B)  Heart rate 
C)  Chest wall and abdominal effort 
D)  Nasal airflow 
A)  SpO2 
B)  Heart rate 
C)  Chest wall and abdominal effort 
D)  Nasal airflow

Question 16

How does CPAP improve breathing in the patient with OSA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of the phrenic nerve 
B)  Pneumatic splinting of the upper airway 
C)  Stimulation of upper airway muscles 
D)  Repositioning of the epiglottis 
A)  Stimulation of the phrenic nerve 
B)  Pneumatic splinting of the upper airway 
C)  Stimulation of upper airway muscles 
D)  Repositioning of the epiglottis

Question 17

Which of the following conditions are associated with central apnea?
1) Congestive heart failure
2) Primary central nervous system lesions
3) High-altitude hypoxemia
4) Obesity

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 18

Which of the following are common side effects of positive-pressure therapy?
1) Dry nasal mucosa
2) Claustrophobia
3) Skin irritation
4) Headache

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 19

Which of the following are interventions used in the management of obstructive sleep apnea?
1) Group therapy
2) Behavioral
3) Medical
4) Surgical

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 20

Which of the following behavioral interventions is least useful for the treatment of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight loss 
B)  Avoidance of alcohol 
C)  Avoidance of sedatives 
D)  Avoidance of daytime naps 
A)  Weight loss 
B)  Avoidance of alcohol 
C)  Avoidance of sedatives 
D)  Avoidance of daytime naps

Exam 33: Disorders of Sleep

What is considered to be the major problem with the use of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

What value for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is consistent with moderate obstructive sleep apnea?

Which of the following physical exam findings are associated with obstructive sleep apnea? 1) Large tonsils 2) Microcephaly 3) Macroglossia 4) Deviated nasal septum

Central sleep apnea occurs more often than obstructive sleep apnea.

Which of the following medical therapies is considered first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

What is believed to be the cause of systemic hypertension in patients with sleep apnea?

What percent of the adult population is believed to have obstructive sleep apnea?

Which of the following factors has been shown to positively correlate with obstructive sleep apnea?

What term is used to describe a significant decrease in airflow during sleep but not a complete cessation of breathing?

What is the name of the respiratory pattern where a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of hyperpnea alternates with periods of apnea?

What term is used to describe CPAP units that use a computer to adjust CPAP levels as needed by the patient during sleep?

Which of the following characteristics are typically associated with sleep apnea? 1) Male patient 2) Over the age of 40 years 3) Hypotensive 4) Loud snoring during sleep

Which of the following are parameters used to confirm the metabolic syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea? 1) Low triglycerides 2) Insulin resistance 3) Hypertension 4) Impaired glucose intolerance

Which of the following parameters is not typically monitored with a polysomnogram?

When differentiating between central and obstructive sleep apnea, which of the following "channels" or parameters would reflect vastly different results during an apneic episode or event?

How does CPAP improve breathing in the patient with OSA?

Which of the following conditions are associated with central apnea? 1) Congestive heart failure 2) Primary central nervous system lesions 3) High-altitude hypoxemia 4) Obesity

Which of the following are common side effects of positive-pressure therapy? 1) Dry nasal mucosa 2) Claustrophobia 3) Skin irritation 4) Headache

Which of the following are interventions used in the management of obstructive sleep apnea? 1) Group therapy 2) Behavioral 3) Medical 4) Surgical

Which of the following behavioral interventions is least useful for the treatment of sleep apnea?

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