Question 1

Approximately how long is the trachea of an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 8 cm 
B)  10 to 12 cm 
C)  16 to 18 cm 
D)  20 to 24 cm 
A)  5 to 8 cm 
B)  10 to 12 cm 
C)  16 to 18 cm 
D)  20 to 24 cm B

Question 2

At what point does the trachea branch into two main stem bronchi?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carina 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Glottis 
D)  Manubrium 
A)  Carina 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Glottis 
D)  Manubrium A

Question 3

What is the most common cell type found in the mucosa of the larger airways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
B)  Pseudostratified ciliated cuboidal epithelium 
C)  Stratified ciliated squamous epithelium 
D)  Stratified unciliated serous endothelium 
A)  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
B)  Pseudostratified ciliated cuboidal epithelium 
C)  Stratified ciliated squamous epithelium 
D)  Stratified unciliated serous endothelium A

Question 4

What can the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from the mast cells in the airways cause?
1) Bronchoconstriction
2) Bronchodilation
3) Vasoconstriction
4) Vasodilation

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1 and 4 only 
A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1 and 4 only

Question 5

What percentage of right ventricular output is circulated through the fetal lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  35% 
C)  75% 
D)  100% 
A)  10% 
B)  35% 
C)  75% 
D)  100%

Question 6

The pulmonary arterial circulation does which of the following?
1) Delivers oxygenated blood back to the heart.
2) Delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
3) Originates on the left side of the heart.
4) Originates on the right side of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 2 and 3 only 
A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 7

Compared to a normal diaphragm, contraction of a diaphragm that is low and flat may result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compression of the thoracic cavity 
B)  Enhanced venous return and thus cardiac output 
C)  Greater diaphragmatic efficiency 
D)  Larger than normal change in thoracic volume 
A)  Compression of the thoracic cavity 
B)  Enhanced venous return and thus cardiac output 
C)  Greater diaphragmatic efficiency 
D)  Larger than normal change in thoracic volume

Question 8

Three-folds of tissue between the posterior base of the tongue and the epiglottis form a small space that is a key landmark in oral intubation. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

A)  False vocal cords 
B)  Palatine fold 
C)  Taurus tubularus 
D)  Vallecula 
A)  False vocal cords 
B)  Palatine fold 
C)  Taurus tubularus 
D)  Vallecula

Question 9

What is the name of the negative feedback reflex associated with the termination of inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carotid sinus 
B)  Head's paradoxical 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  Vagovagal 
A)  Carotid sinus 
B)  Head's paradoxical 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  Vagovagal

Question 10

Why is pulmonary surfactant such an important biologic substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It clears out cellular debris. 
B)  It is an alveolar macrophage. 
C)  It promotes lung contraction aiding exhalation. 
D)  It promotes lung stability. 
A)  It clears out cellular debris. 
B)  It is an alveolar macrophage. 
C)  It promotes lung contraction aiding exhalation. 
D)  It promotes lung stability.

Question 11

Infants can generate auto-PEEP by which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active expiration 
B)  Increased diaphragmatic excursion 
C)  Laryngeal braking 
D)  Retractions 
A)  Active expiration 
B)  Increased diaphragmatic excursion 
C)  Laryngeal braking 
D)  Retractions

Question 12

To what structures do the parietal pleural membranes adhere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fissures 
B)  Intrapulmonary bronchi 
C)  Lung 
D)  Mediastinum 
A)  Fissures 
B)  Intrapulmonary bronchi 
C)  Lung 
D)  Mediastinum

Question 13

What may happen if the irritant receptors in the lung are stimulated?
1) Bronchoconstriction
2) Reflex closure of the glottis
3) Reflex slowing of the heart (bradycardia)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

Running vertically down each hemithorax anteriorly is an imaginary line that is used as an anatomical landmark. What is that line called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior axillary line 
B)  Midaxillary line 
C)  Midclavicular line 
D)  Midsternal line 
A)  Anterior axillary line 
B)  Midaxillary line 
C)  Midclavicular line 
D)  Midsternal line

Question 15

Which type of lung cells secretes pulmonary surfactant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar macrophages 
B)  Type I cells (pneumocytes) 
C)  Type II pneumocytes 
D)  Type III pneumocytes 
A)  Alveolar macrophages 
B)  Type I cells (pneumocytes) 
C)  Type II pneumocytes 
D)  Type III pneumocytes

Question 16

Which of the following statements is false regarding the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary blood flow is highly dependent on gravity. 
B)  The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure system. 
C)  Toward the top of the upright lung, blood flow is high. 
D)  Toward the top of the upright lung, blood flow is low. 
A)  Pulmonary blood flow is highly dependent on gravity. 
B)  The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure system. 
C)  Toward the top of the upright lung, blood flow is high. 
D)  Toward the top of the upright lung, blood flow is low.

Question 17

What is the name given to the acute angle formed by the costal pleura joining the diaphragmatic pleura?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angle of Louis 
B)  Costophrenic angle 
C)  Diaphragmatic groove 
D)  Oblique fissure 
A)  Angle of Louis 
B)  Costophrenic angle 
C)  Diaphragmatic groove 
D)  Oblique fissure

Question 18

Which of the muscles below when stimulated will contract and push up on the diaphragm?
1) External intercostals
2) External obliques
3) Internal obliques
4) Rectus abdominous

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 19

Pressures in the pulmonary circulation are lower than those in the systemic circulation because of what characteristic of the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher resistance than the systemic circulation 
B)  Less blood flow than the systemic circulation 
C)  Lower resistance than the systemic circulation 
D)  More blood flow than the systemic circulation 
A)  Higher resistance than the systemic circulation 
B)  Less blood flow than the systemic circulation 
C)  Lower resistance than the systemic circulation 
D)  More blood flow than the systemic circulation

Question 20

The interaction of the laryngeal muscles and the movement of which cartilage causes changes in the tension on the vocal cords, allowing phonation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arytenoids 
B)  Corniculates 
C)  Cricoid 
D)  Cuneiforms 
A)  Arytenoids 
B)  Corniculates 
C)  Cricoid 
D)  Cuneiforms

Exam 9: The Respiratory System

Approximately how long is the trachea of an adult?

At what point does the trachea branch into two main stem bronchi?

What is the most common cell type found in the mucosa of the larger airways?

What can the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from the mast cells in the airways cause? 1) Bronchoconstriction 2) Bronchodilation 3) Vasoconstriction 4) Vasodilation

What percentage of right ventricular output is circulated through the fetal lungs?

The pulmonary arterial circulation does which of the following? 1) Delivers oxygenated blood back to the heart. 2) Delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 3) Originates on the left side of the heart. 4) Originates on the right side of the heart.

Compared to a normal diaphragm, contraction of a diaphragm that is low and flat may result in which of the following?

Three-folds of tissue between the posterior base of the tongue and the epiglottis form a small space that is a key landmark in oral intubation. What is this called?

What is the name of the negative feedback reflex associated with the termination of inspiration?

Why is pulmonary surfactant such an important biologic substance?

Infants can generate auto-PEEP by which of the following methods?

To what structures do the parietal pleural membranes adhere?

What may happen if the irritant receptors in the lung are stimulated? 1) Bronchoconstriction 2) Reflex closure of the glottis 3) Reflex slowing of the heart (bradycardia)

Running vertically down each hemithorax anteriorly is an imaginary line that is used as an anatomical landmark. What is that line called?

Which type of lung cells secretes pulmonary surfactant?

Which of the following statements is false regarding the pulmonary circulation?

What is the name given to the acute angle formed by the costal pleura joining the diaphragmatic pleura?

Which of the muscles below when stimulated will contract and push up on the diaphragm? 1) External intercostals 2) External obliques 3) Internal obliques 4) Rectus abdominous

Pressures in the pulmonary circulation are lower than those in the systemic circulation because of what characteristic of the pulmonary circulation?

The interaction of the laryngeal muscles and the movement of which cartilage causes changes in the tension on the vocal cords, allowing phonation?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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