Question 1

The abdominal muscles can actually contribute to inspiration by:

Accepted Answer

A)  contracting at end-exhalation. 
B)  contracting at end-inhalation. 
C)  causing a cough. 
D)  increasing end-inspiratory lung volume. 
A)  contracting at end-exhalation. 
B)  contracting at end-inhalation. 
C)  causing a cough. 
D)  increasing end-inspiratory lung volume.

Question 2

Which accessory muscles are active during resting and active inspiration and pull up on all the ribs expanding the thorax?

Accepted Answer

A)  External intercostals 
B)  Internal intercostals 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids 
A)  External intercostals 
B)  Internal intercostals 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids

Question 3

Which of the following has/have been shown to injure the alveolar-capillary membrane?
1) Excessive pressures
2) Excessive tidal volumes
3) Increased intracranial pressures
4) Pulmonary hypertension

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism that stops the lungs from collapsing at the end of exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial tethers, stretched to their maximum length, then halt lung collapse. 
B)  Surfactant neutralizes the tendency of the lung to collapse. 
C)  There is a tendency of the chest wall to lock at the level of FRC. 
D)  There is an equal opposing tendency of the chest wall to expand. 
A)  Radial tethers, stretched to their maximum length, then halt lung collapse. 
B)  Surfactant neutralizes the tendency of the lung to collapse. 
C)  There is a tendency of the chest wall to lock at the level of FRC. 
D)  There is an equal opposing tendency of the chest wall to expand.

Question 5

Where are the largest alveoli found in the lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lingula 
B)  Apexes 
C)  Bases 
D)  Middle 
A)  Lingula 
B)  Apexes 
C)  Bases 
D)  Middle

Question 6

Which phospholipid ratio would indicate a neonate with a low risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  L/S ratio of 1 
B)  L/S ratio of 2 or more 
C)  L/S ratio of less than 1.5 
D)  L/S ratio of less than 1 
A)  L/S ratio of 1 
B)  L/S ratio of 2 or more 
C)  L/S ratio of less than 1.5 
D)  L/S ratio of less than 1

Question 7

What is the length of the trachea in a small preterm infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 cm 
B)  4 cm 
C)  6 cm 
D)  8 cm 
A)  2 cm 
B)  4 cm 
C)  6 cm 
D)  8 cm

Question 8

What external landmark can be used to show the highest point the dome of the right hemidiaphragm reaches in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fifth rib posteriorly 
B)  Sixth rib posteriorly 
C)  Seventh rib posteriorly 
D)  Eighth rib posteriorly 
A)  Fifth rib posteriorly 
B)  Sixth rib posteriorly 
C)  Seventh rib posteriorly 
D)  Eighth rib posteriorly

Question 9

Identify functions of airway mucus in the normal lung.
1) Increased mucus production decreases bronchospasm.
2) Protect the airways from excessive water loss.
3) Shield the airway from toxic particles.
4) Trap inhaled contaminants.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 3 and 4 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 3 and 4 only

Question 10

Approximately what percent of the normal changes in thoracic volume during quiet inspiration is due to the action of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75 
A)  15 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75

Question 11

As ventilatory muscles, the sternocleidomastoids do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. 
B)  They elevate the ribs and decrease chest anteroposterior diameter. 
C)  They increase lateral chest movement during inspiration. 
D)  They lower the sternum, thus increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. 
A)  They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. 
B)  They elevate the ribs and decrease chest anteroposterior diameter. 
C)  They increase lateral chest movement during inspiration. 
D)  They lower the sternum, thus increasing chest anteroposterior diameter.

Question 12

What intercommunicating channels permit collateral ventilation between adjacent alveoli and primary lobules?
1) Bronchial anastomoses
2) Canals of Lambert
3) Pores of Kohn
4) Terminal bronchioles

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 13

Where does the sternal angle lie?

Accepted Answer

A)  At the depression in the body of the sternum to which the clavicles attach 
B)  At the join between the manubrium and sternal body 
C)  At the superior edge of the sternum 
D)  Where the xiphoid process connects to the sternum 
A)  At the depression in the body of the sternum to which the clavicles attach 
B)  At the join between the manubrium and sternal body 
C)  At the superior edge of the sternum 
D)  Where the xiphoid process connects to the sternum

Question 14

What is the name of the thin serous membrane that covers the inner layer of the thoracic wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cupula 
B)  Mesothelioma 
C)  Parietal pleura 
D)  Visceral pleura 
A)  Cupula 
B)  Mesothelioma 
C)  Parietal pleura 
D)  Visceral pleura

Question 15

Identify the nonprimary function of the respiratory system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Filter out inhaled contaminants, various chemicals, and small blood clots. 
B)  Exchange of gases between blood and tissues. 
C)  Continuous absorption of O2 and excretion of carbon dioxide. 
D)  Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues. 
A)  Filter out inhaled contaminants, various chemicals, and small blood clots. 
B)  Exchange of gases between blood and tissues. 
C)  Continuous absorption of O2 and excretion of carbon dioxide. 
D)  Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is/are true of the pulmonary lymphatic system?
1) It consists of both superficial and deep vessels.
2) It drains into the right lymphatic or thoracic duct.
3) Vessels begin as dead-end lymphatic channels in the lung.
4) With phagocytes, it defends against foreign material.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3, and 4 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 3, and 4 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 17

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cover the glottic opening during forced expiration. 
B)  House Waldeyer's ring of tonsilar material for airway defense. 
C)  Protect airway during eating or drinking. 
D)  Provide a common passageway for food and gas. 
A)  Cover the glottic opening during forced expiration. 
B)  House Waldeyer's ring of tonsilar material for airway defense. 
C)  Protect airway during eating or drinking. 
D)  Provide a common passageway for food and gas.

Question 18

Fluid transport to and from the lungs is provided by which of the following?
1) Bronchial circulation
2) Lymphatic system
3) Pulmonary circulation

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 19

Which of the following describes an acinus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each acinus is comprised of five terminal respiratory units. 
B)  It consists of all structures distal to a terminal bronchiole. 
C)  It is composed of the smaller conducting airways. 
D)  It is the transitional portion of the lung between conduction and respiration. 
A)  Each acinus is comprised of five terminal respiratory units. 
B)  It consists of all structures distal to a terminal bronchiole. 
C)  It is composed of the smaller conducting airways. 
D)  It is the transitional portion of the lung between conduction and respiration.

Question 20

What maintains lung inflation during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal lung fluid 
B)  Radial tethering 
C)  Rigidity of the chest wall 
D)  Surfactant 
A)  Fetal lung fluid 
B)  Radial tethering 
C)  Rigidity of the chest wall 
D)  Surfactant

Exam 9: The Respiratory System

The abdominal muscles can actually contribute to inspiration by:

Which accessory muscles are active during resting and active inspiration and pull up on all the ribs expanding the thorax?

Which of the following has/have been shown to injure the alveolar-capillary membrane? 1) Excessive pressures 2) Excessive tidal volumes 3) Increased intracranial pressures 4) Pulmonary hypertension

What is the primary mechanism that stops the lungs from collapsing at the end of exhalation?

Where are the largest alveoli found in the lung?

Which phospholipid ratio would indicate a neonate with a low risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

What is the length of the trachea in a small preterm infant?

What external landmark can be used to show the highest point the dome of the right hemidiaphragm reaches in a healthy individual?

Identify functions of airway mucus in the normal lung. 1) Increased mucus production decreases bronchospasm. 2) Protect the airways from excessive water loss. 3) Shield the airway from toxic particles. 4) Trap inhaled contaminants.

Approximately what percent of the normal changes in thoracic volume during quiet inspiration is due to the action of the diaphragm?

As ventilatory muscles, the sternocleidomastoids do which of the following?

What intercommunicating channels permit collateral ventilation between adjacent alveoli and primary lobules? 1) Bronchial anastomoses 2) Canals of Lambert 3) Pores of Kohn 4) Terminal bronchioles

Where does the sternal angle lie?

What is the name of the thin serous membrane that covers the inner layer of the thoracic wall?

Identify the nonprimary function of the respiratory system.

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Fluid transport to and from the lungs is provided by which of the following? 1) Bronchial circulation 2) Lymphatic system 3) Pulmonary circulation

Which of the following describes an acinus?

What maintains lung inflation during fetal development?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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