Question 1

How does the body compensate for a pulmonary embolus that occludes a branch of the pulmonary artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased bronchial arterial flow to the area 
B)  Increased cardiac output 
C)  Pulmonary arteriole and metarteriole vasodilation 
D)  Release of prostaglandins to fight inflammation 
A)  Increased bronchial arterial flow to the area 
B)  Increased cardiac output 
C)  Pulmonary arteriole and metarteriole vasodilation 
D)  Release of prostaglandins to fight inflammation

Question 2

The nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise from which area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lumbar region of the spine 
B)  Sacral vertebrae 4 and 5 
C)  Spinal plexuses at T2 to T11 
D)  Spinal nerves C3 to C5 
A)  Lumbar region of the spine 
B)  Sacral vertebrae 4 and 5 
C)  Spinal plexuses at T2 to T11 
D)  Spinal nerves C3 to C5

Question 3

What will happen when the lung is surgically removed from the thorax?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lung will appear to undergo no change. 
B)  The lung will collapse. 
C)  The lung will expand. 
D)  The response of the lung will depend on its age and pathology. 
A)  The lung will appear to undergo no change. 
B)  The lung will collapse. 
C)  The lung will expand. 
D)  The response of the lung will depend on its age and pathology.

Question 4

What is the major source of respiratory tract secretions in the normal lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchial glands 
B)  Clara cells 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Mast cells 
A)  Bronchial glands 
B)  Clara cells 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Mast cells

Question 5

Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher percentage of body fat 
B)  Higher volumes of sinus discharge 
C)  Relatively smaller head size 
D)  Tongue that is proportionally larger 
A)  Higher percentage of body fat 
B)  Higher volumes of sinus discharge 
C)  Relatively smaller head size 
D)  Tongue that is proportionally larger

Question 6

What are the vascularized lymphoidal tissues that have a particularly active immunological role in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lingual tonsils 
B)  Palatine tonsils 
C)  Pharyngeal tonsils 
D)  Superior turbinates 
A)  Lingual tonsils 
B)  Palatine tonsils 
C)  Pharyngeal tonsils 
D)  Superior turbinates

Question 7

How does the lung parenchyma receive most of its O2?

Accepted Answer

A)  From the alveolar gases 
B)  From the bronchial arteries/capillaries 
C)  From the pulmonary arteries/capillaries 
D)  From the pulmonary lymphatic system 
A)  From the alveolar gases 
B)  From the bronchial arteries/capillaries 
C)  From the pulmonary arteries/capillaries 
D)  From the pulmonary lymphatic system

Question 8

Compared with the systemic circulation under normal conditions, pressure in the pulmonary circulation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher. 
B)  lower. 
C)  the same. 
D)  not connected. 
A)  higher. 
B)  lower. 
C)  the same. 
D)  not connected.

Question 9

Which of the following muscles are considered primary muscles of ventilation?
1) Diaphragm
2) Intercostals
3) Scalenes
4) Sternomastoid

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3, and 4 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 3, and 4 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 10

What is normal amount of anatomic dead space found in a healthy lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ml/kg predicted body weight 
B)  2 ml/kg predicted body weight 
C)  3 ml/kg predicted body weight 
D)  4 ml/kg predicted body weight 
A)  1 ml/kg predicted body weight 
B)  2 ml/kg predicted body weight 
C)  3 ml/kg predicted body weight 
D)  4 ml/kg predicted body weight

Question 11

Which factors contribute to maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus during fetal life?
1) Large amounts of fetal hemoglobin
2) Low PaO2
3) Presence of LDH
4) Presence of prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 12

Which of following embryonic germinal tissue layers form all tissues and organs?
1) Endoderm
2) Mesoderm
3) Ectoderm
4) Mectoderm

Accepted Answer

A) 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 only 
A) 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 only

Question 13

What position is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neck extension 
B)  Neck flexion 
C)  Recovery position 
D)  Sniff position 
A)  Neck extension 
B)  Neck flexion 
C)  Recovery position 
D)  Sniff position

Question 14

Approximately how many alveoli are there in a 10-year-old's lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 million 
B)  200 million 
C)  350 million 
D)  480 million 
A)  50 million 
B)  200 million 
C)  350 million 
D)  480 million

Question 15

What is meant by "internal respiration"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any gas exchange that occurs inside the body 
B)  Consumption of O2 in the mitochondria 
C)  Continuous absorption of O2 and excretion of carbon dioxide 
D)  Exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue 
A)  Any gas exchange that occurs inside the body 
B)  Consumption of O2 in the mitochondria 
C)  Continuous absorption of O2 and excretion of carbon dioxide 
D)  Exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue

Question 16

What is the name of the reflex associated with the sensory stimulation of the pulmonary stretch receptors that stimulates a deeper breath upon inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carotid sinus 
B)  Head's paradoxical 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  Vagovagal 
A)  Carotid sinus 
B)  Head's paradoxical 
C)  Hering-Breuer 
D)  Vagovagal

Question 17

What is the common name given to classify the airway from the nares to the terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conducting airways 
B)  Respiratory airways 
C)  Transitional airways 
D)  Upper airway 
A)  Conducting airways 
B)  Respiratory airways 
C)  Transitional airways 
D)  Upper airway

Question 18

In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to flow between which two structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava. 
B)  Pulmonary artery to aortic arch. 
C)  Right atrium to left atrium. 
D)  Right atrium to left ventricle. 
A)  Bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava. 
B)  Pulmonary artery to aortic arch. 
C)  Right atrium to left atrium. 
D)  Right atrium to left ventricle.

Question 19

Which of the following nerves innervates the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glossopharyngeal 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Seventh cranial 
D)  Vagus 
A)  Glossopharyngeal 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Seventh cranial 
D)  Vagus

Question 20

What portion of the left lung corresponds anatomically to the middle lobe of the right lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac notch 
B)  Lingula 
C)  Medial segment 
D)  Superior segment 
A)  Cardiac notch 
B)  Lingula 
C)  Medial segment 
D)  Superior segment

Exam 9: The Respiratory System

How does the body compensate for a pulmonary embolus that occludes a branch of the pulmonary artery?

The nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise from which area?

What will happen when the lung is surgically removed from the thorax?

What is the major source of respiratory tract secretions in the normal lung?

Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?

What are the vascularized lymphoidal tissues that have a particularly active immunological role in children?

How does the lung parenchyma receive most of its O2?

Compared with the systemic circulation under normal conditions, pressure in the pulmonary circulation is:

Which of the following muscles are considered primary muscles of ventilation? 1) Diaphragm 2) Intercostals 3) Scalenes 4) Sternomastoid

What is normal amount of anatomic dead space found in a healthy lung?

Which factors contribute to maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus during fetal life? 1) Large amounts of fetal hemoglobin 2) Low PaO2 3) Presence of LDH 4) Presence of prostaglandins

Which of following embryonic germinal tissue layers form all tissues and organs? 1) Endoderm 2) Mesoderm 3) Ectoderm 4) Mectoderm

What position is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient?

Approximately how many alveoli are there in a 10-year-old's lung?

What is meant by "internal respiration"?

What is the name of the reflex associated with the sensory stimulation of the pulmonary stretch receptors that stimulates a deeper breath upon inspiration?

What is the common name given to classify the airway from the nares to the terminal bronchioles?

In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to flow between which two structures?

Which of the following nerves innervates the diaphragm?

What portion of the left lung corresponds anatomically to the middle lobe of the right lung?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

How does the lung parenchyma receive most of its O₂?

Which factors contribute to maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus during fetal life? 1) Large amounts of fetal hemoglobin 2) Low PaO₂ 3) Presence of LDH 4) Presence of prostaglandins