Question 1

What is the physiologic result of the infants' more compliant thorax compared with that of an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier for infants to breathe. 
B)  Their functional residual capacity is reduced based on predicted body weight (PBW). 
C)  They breathe larger tidal volumes based on IBW. 
D)  They have less of a tendency to develop atelectasis. 
A)  It is easier for infants to breathe. 
B)  Their functional residual capacity is reduced based on predicted body weight (PBW). 
C)  They breathe larger tidal volumes based on IBW. 
D)  They have less of a tendency to develop atelectasis.

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide 
B)  Filtering to prevent allergens and microbes from reaching the lungs 
C)  Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues 
D)  Warm and humidify inspired gas 
A)  Continuous absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide 
B)  Filtering to prevent allergens and microbes from reaching the lungs 
C)  Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues 
D)  Warm and humidify inspired gas

Question 3

Via what pathway does much of the bronchial venous drainage occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchial veins emptying into the inferior vena cava 
B)  Bronchopulmonary veins emptying into pulmonary veins 
C)  Direct connections between bronchial and pulmonary arteries 
D)  Thebesian venous drainage into the heart chambers 
A)  Bronchial veins emptying into the inferior vena cava 
B)  Bronchopulmonary veins emptying into pulmonary veins 
C)  Direct connections between bronchial and pulmonary arteries 
D)  Thebesian venous drainage into the heart chambers

Question 4

Which of the following can impair or inhibit ciliary activity?
1) Drying of the respiratory tract mucosa
2) Exposure to smoke
3) Parasympatholytic drugs

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 2 and 3 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 5

Into what structure do the eustachian tubes drain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larynx 
B)  Nasopharynx 
C)  Oropharynx 
D)  Vestibule 
A)  Larynx 
B)  Nasopharynx 
C)  Oropharynx 
D)  Vestibule

Question 6

What would be a normal P50 for a fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  20 
D)  25 
A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  20 
D)  25

Question 7

What does the "pump handle" movement of rib pairs 2 through 7 achieve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anchor of the upper chest for diaphragmatic contraction 
B)  Diminish of the energy wasted by inefficient muscular contraction 
C)  Increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest 
D)  Increase in the lateral dimensions of the chest 
A)  Anchor of the upper chest for diaphragmatic contraction 
B)  Diminish of the energy wasted by inefficient muscular contraction 
C)  Increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest 
D)  Increase in the lateral dimensions of the chest

Question 8

What is the mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membranous sac surrounding the heart and great vessels 
B)  Middle layer of muscle fibers constituting the heart 
C)  Point of division of the trachea into the bronchi 
D)  Structure separating the right and left thoracic cavities 
A)  Membranous sac surrounding the heart and great vessels 
B)  Middle layer of muscle fibers constituting the heart 
C)  Point of division of the trachea into the bronchi 
D)  Structure separating the right and left thoracic cavities

Question 9

Which accessory muscles of ventilation work to pull the ribs closer together?

Accepted Answer

A)  External intercostals 
B)  Internal intercostals 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids 
A)  External intercostals 
B)  Internal intercostals 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids

Question 10

How does the lung respond to regional lung hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchial artery vasoconstriction 
B)  Bronchial artery vasodilation 
C)  Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction 
D)  Pulmonary artery vasodilation 
A)  Bronchial artery vasoconstriction 
B)  Bronchial artery vasodilation 
C)  Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction 
D)  Pulmonary artery vasodilation

Question 11

What results in partial or total obstruction of the airway in an unconscious patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closed mouth coexistent with nasal congestion. 
B)  Epiglottis relaxes and occludes the laryngeal opening. 
C)  Relaxation of tongue and hypopharyngeal muscles. 
D)  The uvula occluding the airway. 
A)  Closed mouth coexistent with nasal congestion. 
B)  Epiglottis relaxes and occludes the laryngeal opening. 
C)  Relaxation of tongue and hypopharyngeal muscles. 
D)  The uvula occluding the airway.

Question 12

What happens throughout fetal period?

Accepted Answer

A)  All major organs begin their development. 
B)  Some of the major organs complete their development. 
C)  Organs continue to develop and refine their structure and function. 
D)  Gas exchange begins. 
A)  All major organs begin their development. 
B)  Some of the major organs complete their development. 
C)  Organs continue to develop and refine their structure and function. 
D)  Gas exchange begins.

Question 13

What is the effect of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diaphragmatic paralysis 
B)  Pulmonary circulatory failure 
C)  Inactivation of pulmonary surfactant production 
D)  Vocal cord impairment or paralysis 
A)  Diaphragmatic paralysis 
B)  Pulmonary circulatory failure 
C)  Inactivation of pulmonary surfactant production 
D)  Vocal cord impairment or paralysis

Question 14

By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Facilitated transport 
D)  Simple diffusion 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Facilitated transport 
D)  Simple diffusion

Question 15

Infants are more susceptible to profound hypoxemia than are adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the only complete circular cartilage of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arytenoid 
B)  Corniculate 
C)  Cricoid 
D)  Thyroid 
A)  Arytenoid 
B)  Corniculate 
C)  Cricoid 
D)  Thyroid

Question 17

Limited, short-term spontaneous ventilation is possible in a patient with a paralyzed diaphragm because of_____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex diaphragm activity 
B)  accessory muscle use 
C)  active exhalation 
D)  high intraabdominal pressures 
A)  reflex diaphragm activity 
B)  accessory muscle use 
C)  active exhalation 
D)  high intraabdominal pressures

Question 18

If premature delivery is anticipated, all of the following will help determine lung maturity, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of oligohydramnios. 
B)  lecithin-sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio. 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration. 
D)  body mass index (BMI). 
A)  the presence of oligohydramnios. 
B)  lecithin-sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio. 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration. 
D)  body mass index (BMI).

Question 19

Which of the following is the most important ventilatory function of the scalene muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activate if intrathoracic pressure falls to -40 cm H2O. 
B)  Elevate and fix the first seven ribs. 
C)  Lift upper chest particularly during times of high ventilatory demand. 
D)  Support the trachea within the thorax during heavy exercise. 
A)  Activate if intrathoracic pressure falls to -40 cm H2O. 
B)  Elevate and fix the first seven ribs. 
C)  Lift upper chest particularly during times of high ventilatory demand. 
D)  Support the trachea within the thorax during heavy exercise.

Question 20

When a COPD patient leans forward braced in a tripod position, this lends particular advantage to which accessory muscles of inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  External intercostals 
B)  Pectoralis 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids 
A)  External intercostals 
B)  Pectoralis 
C)  Scalenes 
D)  Sternocleidomastoids

Exam 9: The Respiratory System

What is the physiologic result of the infants' more compliant thorax compared with that of an adult?

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

Via what pathway does much of the bronchial venous drainage occur?

Which of the following can impair or inhibit ciliary activity? 1) Drying of the respiratory tract mucosa 2) Exposure to smoke 3) Parasympatholytic drugs

Into what structure do the eustachian tubes drain?

What would be a normal P50 for a fetus?

What does the "pump handle" movement of rib pairs 2 through 7 achieve?

What is the mediastinum?

Which accessory muscles of ventilation work to pull the ribs closer together?

How does the lung respond to regional lung hypoxia?

What results in partial or total obstruction of the airway in an unconscious patient?

What happens throughout fetal period?

What is the effect of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur?

Infants are more susceptible to profound hypoxemia than are adults.

What is the only complete circular cartilage of the larynx?

Limited, short-term spontaneous ventilation is possible in a patient with a paralyzed diaphragm because of_____________________.

If premature delivery is anticipated, all of the following will help determine lung maturity, except:

Which of the following is the most important ventilatory function of the scalene muscles?

When a COPD patient leans forward braced in a tripod position, this lends particular advantage to which accessory muscles of inspiration?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What would be a normal P₅₀ for a fetus?