Question 1

What initial inspiratory time range would you suggest for a term newborn infant being placed on time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.20 to 0.40 sec 
B)  0.30 to 0.50 sec 
C)  0.50 to 0.70 sec 
D)  0.70 to 1.00 sec 
A)  0.20 to 0.40 sec 
B)  0.30 to 0.50 sec 
C)  0.50 to 0.70 sec 
D)  0.70 to 1.00 sec

Question 2

Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal stress. 
B)  decelerations. 
C)  primary apnea. 
D)  secondary bradycardia. 
A)  fetal stress. 
B)  decelerations. 
C)  primary apnea. 
D)  secondary bradycardia.

Question 3

You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what should you suspect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patent ductus arteriosus 
B)  Peripheral vasoconstriction 
C)  Coarctation of the aorta 
D)  Peripheral vasodilation 
A)  Patent ductus arteriosus 
B)  Peripheral vasoconstriction 
C)  Coarctation of the aorta 
D)  Peripheral vasodilation

Question 4

Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
1) Uteroplacental insufficiency
2) Umbilical cord compression
3) Normal contraction
4) Maternal bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 5

Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary maturity before birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood gas analysis 
B)  Ultrasonography 
C)  Maternal history 
D)  Amniocentesis 
A)  Blood gas analysis 
B)  Ultrasonography 
C)  Maternal history 
D)  Amniocentesis

Question 6

You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B)  Lung compliance (CL) is increased. 
C)  Work of breathing is increased. 
D)  Chest-wall compliance is decreased. 
A)  Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B)  Lung compliance (CL) is increased. 
C)  Work of breathing is increased. 
D)  Chest-wall compliance is decreased.

Question 7

What VT range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 7 ml/kg 
B)  6 to 8 ml/kg 
C)  8 to 10 ml/kg 
D)  10 to 12 ml/kg 
A)  5 to 7 ml/kg 
B)  6 to 8 ml/kg 
C)  8 to 10 ml/kg 
D)  10 to 12 ml/kg

Question 8

Which of the following mean airway pressures is considered potentially deleterious when applying positive end expiratory pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 cm H2O 
B)  5 cm H2O 
C)  10 cm H2O 
D)  15 cm H2O 
A)  2 cm H2O 
B)  5 cm H2O 
C)  10 cm H2O 
D)  15 cm H2O

Question 9

Which of the following tidal volume range would you recommend for an infant with severe ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 4 ml/kg 
B)  4 to 5 ml/kg 
C)  6 to 7 ml/kg 
D)  Greater than 8 ml/kg 
A)  3 to 4 ml/kg 
B)  4 to 5 ml/kg 
C)  6 to 7 ml/kg 
D)  Greater than 8 ml/kg

Question 10

Which of the following L:S ratios indicates stable surfactant production and mature lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  2:1 
B)  1:1 
C)  1:2 
D)  2:3 
A)  2:1 
B)  1:1 
C)  1:2 
D)  2:3

Question 11

Signs of infant respiratory distress that indicate a potential need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) include which of the following?
1) Cyanosis
2) Radiograph indicating hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome
3) Grunting
4) Severe retractions

Accepted Answer

A) 3 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 3 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 12

Which of the following sizes (internal diameter) of endotracheal tubes would you select to intubate a 4-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 mm 
B)  4 mm 
C)  5 mm 
D)  7 mm 
A)  3 mm 
B)  4 mm 
C)  5 mm 
D)  7 mm

Question 13

You are called to the NICU to assess the blood pressure of a neonate who weighs 750 g. You determine that the pressure is normal. Which of the following pressure did you obtain?

Accepted Answer

A)  40/25 
B)  45/35 
C)  55/40 
D)  55/25 
A)  40/25 
B)  45/35 
C)  55/40 
D)  55/25

Question 14

You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B)  Lung compliance (CL) is decreased. 
C)  Work of breathing is decreased. 
D)  Chest-wall compliance is decreased. 
A)  Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased. 
B)  Lung compliance (CL) is decreased. 
C)  Work of breathing is decreased. 
D)  Chest-wall compliance is decreased.

Exam 53: Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

What initial inspiratory time range would you suggest for a term newborn infant being placed on time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation?

Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:

You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what should you suspect?

Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions? 1) Uteroplacental insufficiency 2) Umbilical cord compression 3) Normal contraction 4) Maternal bradycardia

Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary maturity before birth?

You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

What VT range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?

Which of the following mean airway pressures is considered potentially deleterious when applying positive end expiratory pressure?

Which of the following tidal volume range would you recommend for an infant with severe ARDS?

Which of the following L:S ratios indicates stable surfactant production and mature lungs?

Signs of infant respiratory distress that indicate a potential need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) include which of the following? 1) Cyanosis 2) Radiograph indicating hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome 3) Grunting 4) Severe retractions

Which of the following sizes (internal diameter) of endotracheal tubes would you select to intubate a 4-year-old child?

You are called to the NICU to assess the blood pressure of a neonate who weighs 750 g. You determine that the pressure is normal. Which of the following pressure did you obtain?

You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with this observation?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

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Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

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Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Patient Education and Health Promotion

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What V_T range should be used for mechanical ventilation of a neonate?