Question 1

During recovery from a serious surgery or trauma, how much water is likely to be produced in a 24-hr period by the catabolism of fat and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  300 ml 
B)  500 ml 
C)  750 ml 
D)  1000 ml 
A)  300 ml 
B)  500 ml 
C)  750 ml 
D)  1000 ml

Question 2

Which of the following are true regarding water in the human body?
1) The more fatty tissue there is, the greater is the percentage of body water.
2) Total body water depends on an individual's weight and sex.
3) Water constitutes approximately 45% to 80% of an individual's body weight.
4) Water content is highest in the aged.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2 and 3 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 3

What is the most prominent anion in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Sulfate 
A)  Chloride 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Sulfate

Question 4

What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Li+ 
D)  Na+ 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Li+ 
D)  Na+

Question 5

What is the characteristic of an acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorbs H+ ions. 
B)  Accepts a proton. 
C)  Is a proton donor. 
D)  Produces OH- ions. 
A)  Absorbs H+ ions. 
B)  Accepts a proton. 
C)  Is a proton donor. 
D)  Produces OH- ions.

Question 6

Starling forces or fluid movement due to filtration across the wall of a capillary is dependent upon:
1) hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients across the capillary.
2) hydraulic (hydrostatic) in the vessel.
3) colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the vessel.
4) colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the tissue space.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes a facet of chloride?

Accepted Answer

A)  A loss of Cl- is equivalent to a gain in acid. 
B)  Cl- is usually excreted with H+ as HCl. 
C)  Cl- levels vary inversely with HCO3- levels. 
D)  Cl- plays a key role in acid-base buffering. 
A)  A loss of Cl- is equivalent to a gain in acid. 
B)  Cl- is usually excreted with H+ as HCl. 
C)  Cl- levels vary inversely with HCO3- levels. 
D)  Cl- plays a key role in acid-base buffering.

Question 8

Under normal circumstances, a small amount of fluid is filtered from the capillary in excess of that which is absorbed. What prevents edema from occurring under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lymphatic system absorbs it and returns it to the circulatory system. 
B)  Tissue cells absorb this fluid and use it in the metabolic process. 
C)  Wandering macrophages use this excess fluid in hydrolyzing invaders. 
D)  Waste products dilute this, maintaining eutonic conditions. 
A)  The lymphatic system absorbs it and returns it to the circulatory system. 
B)  Tissue cells absorb this fluid and use it in the metabolic process. 
C)  Wandering macrophages use this excess fluid in hydrolyzing invaders. 
D)  Waste products dilute this, maintaining eutonic conditions.

Question 9

The ease with which a gas dissolves into a solvent is at least partially determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas conductivity 
B)  Gas temperature 
C)  Level of 2,3-DPG 
D)  Solvent conductivity 
A)  Gas conductivity 
B)  Gas temperature 
C)  Level of 2,3-DPG 
D)  Solvent conductivity

Question 10

If your objective were to draw water out of cells or tissues, you would expose them to what type of solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Normotonic 
A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Normotonic

Question 11

Water can be lost from the body through what organ systems?
1) Gastrointestinal tract
2) Liver
3) Lungs
4) Skin

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 12

How is pH defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Log of the dissociation constant of the weak acid in a solution. 
B)  Negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration of a solution. 
C)  Point at which an electrolyte solution is exactly 50% dissociated. 
D)  Ratio of a solution's weak acid concentration to its conjugate base pair. 
A)  Log of the dissociation constant of the weak acid in a solution. 
B)  Negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration of a solution. 
C)  Point at which an electrolyte solution is exactly 50% dissociated. 
D)  Ratio of a solution's weak acid concentration to its conjugate base pair.

Question 13

By what process is water replenished?
1) Absorption
2) Ingestion
3) Metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. 
B)  Osmotic pressure varies inversely with temperature. 
C)  Osmotic pressure is highest in dilute solutions. 
D)  Osmotic pressure varies inversely with tonicity. 
A)  Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. 
B)  Osmotic pressure varies inversely with temperature. 
C)  Osmotic pressure is highest in dilute solutions. 
D)  Osmotic pressure varies inversely with tonicity.

Question 15

Which of the following factors contributes to reabsorption of tissue fluid in dependent regions of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrostatic pressure of 100 mm Hg 
B)  Low capillary permeability 
C)  Low interstitial osmotic pressure 
D)  Pumping action of skeletal muscles 
A)  Hydrostatic pressure of 100 mm Hg 
B)  Low capillary permeability 
C)  Low interstitial osmotic pressure 
D)  Pumping action of skeletal muscles

Question 16

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO3-?
1) HCO3- levels vary directly with Cl- levels.
2) It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport.
3) It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 2 and 3 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 17

What is the normal serum calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.5 to 5.3 mg/dl 
B)  8.7 to 10.4 mg/dl 
C)  98.0 to 105.0 mg/dl 
D)  137 to 147 mg/dl 
A)  4.5 to 5.3 mg/dl 
B)  8.7 to 10.4 mg/dl 
C)  98.0 to 105.0 mg/dl 
D)  137 to 147 mg/dl

Question 18

What is the average urine output in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  600 to 800 ml/day 
B)  800 to 1000 ml/day 
C)  1000 to 1200 ml/day 
D)  1200 to 1400 ml/day 
A)  600 to 800 ml/day 
B)  800 to 1000 ml/day 
C)  1000 to 1200 ml/day 
D)  1200 to 1400 ml/day

Question 19

Gas transport in the body is most affected by changes in which of the following variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ambient pressure 
B)  Inspired gas temperature 
C)  Oxygen's solubility coefficient 
D)  Water vapor pressure of inspired gases 
A)  Ambient pressure 
B)  Inspired gas temperature 
C)  Oxygen's solubility coefficient 
D)  Water vapor pressure of inspired gases

Question 20

What are the main intracellular electrolytes?
1) K+
2) Na+
3) Phosphate
4) Sulfate

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3, and 4 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 3, and 4 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Exam 13: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

During recovery from a serious surgery or trauma, how much water is likely to be produced in a 24-hr period by the catabolism of fat and proteins?

What is the most prominent anion in the body?

What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment?

What is the characteristic of an acid?

Which of the following correctly describes a facet of chloride?

Under normal circumstances, a small amount of fluid is filtered from the capillary in excess of that which is absorbed. What prevents edema from occurring under these conditions?

The ease with which a gas dissolves into a solvent is at least partially determined by which of the following?

If your objective were to draw water out of cells or tissues, you would expose them to what type of solution?

Water can be lost from the body through what organ systems? 1) Gastrointestinal tract 2) Liver 3) Lungs 4) Skin

How is pH defined?

By what process is water replenished? 1) Absorption 2) Ingestion 3) Metabolism

Which of the following is true regarding osmotic pressure?

Which of the following factors contributes to reabsorption of tissue fluid in dependent regions of the body?

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO3-? 1) HCO3- levels vary directly with Cl- levels. 2) It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport. 3) It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

What is the normal serum calcium concentration?

What is the average urine output in a healthy adult?

Gas transport in the body is most affected by changes in which of the following variables?

What are the main intracellular electrolytes? 1) K+ 2) Na+ 3) Phosphate 4) Sulfate

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Which of the following describe roles played by HCO₃^-? 1) HCO₃^- levels vary directly with Cl^- levels. 2) It is the primary vehicle for blood carbon dioxide transport. 3) It plays a key role in acid-base homeostasis.

What are the main intracellular electrolytes? 1) K⁺ 2) Na⁺ 3) Phosphate 4) Sulfate