Question 1

A 3% NaCl solution is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic. 
B)  hypotonic. 
C)  isotonic. 
D)  normotonic. 
A)  hypertonic. 
B)  hypotonic. 
C)  isotonic. 
D)  normotonic.

Question 2

In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrolytic 
B)  Electrovalent 
C)  Nonpolar covalent 
D)  Polar covalent 
A)  Electrolytic 
B)  Electrovalent 
C)  Nonpolar covalent 
D)  Polar covalent

Question 3

What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intraorganelle 
C)  Intravascular 
D)  Transcellular 
A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intraorganelle 
C)  Intravascular 
D)  Transcellular

Question 4

You prepare a solution by dissolving 5 g of glucose in 100 ml of solution. What type of solution are you making?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal 
B)  Percent 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Weight/volume 
A)  Normal 
B)  Percent 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Weight/volume

Question 5

What type of solution could have 1 mol of solute per liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molal 
B)  Molar 
C)  Normal 
D)  Weight/volume 
A)  Molal 
B)  Molar 
C)  Normal 
D)  Weight/volume

Question 6

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would include which of the following?
1) Abdominal cramps
2) Depressed tendon reflexes
3) Electrocardiogram abnormalities
4) Muscular twitching and spasm

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 3 only 
A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 3 only

Question 7

Which of following are considered nonhydroxide bases?
1) Ammonia
2) Carbonates
3) Certain proteins
4) Ammonium

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 8

You add 50 ml of water to 150 ml of a 6% solution. What is the new concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.0% 
B)  4.5% 
C)  7.5% 
D)  12.0% 
A)  3.0% 
B)  4.5% 
C)  7.5% 
D)  12.0%

Question 9

Which of the following is an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.09% NaCl 
B)  0.90% NaCl 
C)  9.00% NaCl 
D)  19.0% NaCl 
A)  0.09% NaCl 
B)  0.90% NaCl 
C)  9.00% NaCl 
D)  19.0% NaCl

Question 10

What is the normal ratio of HCO3- to carbonic acid in healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  10:1 
D)  20:1 
A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  10:1 
D)  20:1

Question 11

Identify the definition for a base substance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Compound that will donate a H+ ion 
B)  Any compound that will accept a proton 
C)  Only substances that contain a hydroxyl group 
D)  Substances that contain Na+ ions 
A)  Compound that will donate a H+ ion 
B)  Any compound that will accept a proton 
C)  Only substances that contain a hydroxyl group 
D)  Substances that contain Na+ ions

Question 12

What is a common cause for pulmonary edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar-capillary damage 
B)  Chronic liver disease 
C)  Failing left ventricle 
D)  Failing right ventricle 
A)  Alveolar-capillary damage 
B)  Chronic liver disease 
C)  Failing left ventricle 
D)  Failing right ventricle

Question 13

What type of solution could have 1 gEq of solute per liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molal 
B)  Molar 
C)  Normal 
D)  Weight/volume 
A)  Molal 
B)  Molar 
C)  Normal 
D)  Weight/volume

Question 14

What maintains the volume and composition of body fluids?
1) Filtration and reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
2) Regulation of water balance by vasopressin (ADH)
3) Gastrointestinal filtration and excretion of chloride

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

Describe the normal pressures or flows at the arterial end of the capillary.

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrolytes move from the interstitium into the capillary. 
B)  Hydrostatic pressure is approximately 24 mm Hg. 
C)  Osmotic pressure is approximately 30 mm Hg. 
D)  Plasma minus the proteins flows into the interstitium. 
A)  Electrolytes move from the interstitium into the capillary. 
B)  Hydrostatic pressure is approximately 24 mm Hg. 
C)  Osmotic pressure is approximately 30 mm Hg. 
D)  Plasma minus the proteins flows into the interstitium.

Question 16

An adult's insensible water through the lungs averages what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 ml/day 
B)  200 ml/day 
C)  300 ml/day 
D)  400 ml/day 
A)  100 ml/day 
B)  200 ml/day 
C)  300 ml/day 
D)  400 ml/day

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would include which of the following?
1) Cardiac arrest
2) Electrocardiogram abnormalities
3) Metabolic alkalosis
4) Ventricular arrhythmias

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1, 2, and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 18

What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion pressure 
B)  Gas pressure 
C)  Hydrostatic pressure 
D)  Osmotic pressure 
A)  Diffusion pressure 
B)  Gas pressure 
C)  Hydrostatic pressure 
D)  Osmotic pressure

Question 19

Hypokalemia disturbs cellular function in which of the following systems?
1) Gastrointestinal
2) Hepatic
3) Neuromuscular
4) Renal

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 2 and 4 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 2 and 4 only

Question 20

If a 60% solution (A) were exposed to a 10% solution (B) across a semipermeable membrane, what would be the strength of each solution following equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solution A 10%/solution B 60% 
B)  Solution A 35%/solution B 35% 
C)  Solution A 50%/solution B 20% 
D)  Solution A 60%/solution B 10% 
A)  Solution A 10%/solution B 60% 
B)  Solution A 35%/solution B 35% 
C)  Solution A 50%/solution B 20% 
D)  Solution A 60%/solution B 10%

Exam 13: Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

A 3% NaCl solution is referred to as:

In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact?

What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water?

You prepare a solution by dissolving 5 g of glucose in 100 ml of solution. What type of solution are you making?

What type of solution could have 1 mol of solute per liter of solution?

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would include which of the following? 1) Abdominal cramps 2) Depressed tendon reflexes 3) Electrocardiogram abnormalities 4) Muscular twitching and spasm

Which of following are considered nonhydroxide bases? 1) Ammonia 2) Carbonates 3) Certain proteins 4) Ammonium

You add 50 ml of water to 150 ml of a 6% solution. What is the new concentration?

Which of the following is an isotonic solution?

What is the normal ratio of HCO3- to carbonic acid in healthy individuals?

Identify the definition for a base substance.

What is a common cause for pulmonary edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure?

What type of solution could have 1 gEq of solute per liter of solution?

What maintains the volume and composition of body fluids? 1) Filtration and reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys 2) Regulation of water balance by vasopressin (ADH) 3) Gastrointestinal filtration and excretion of chloride

Describe the normal pressures or flows at the arterial end of the capillary.

An adult's insensible water through the lungs averages what level?

Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would include which of the following? 1) Cardiac arrest 2) Electrocardiogram abnormalities 3) Metabolic alkalosis 4) Ventricular arrhythmias

What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution?

Hypokalemia disturbs cellular function in which of the following systems? 1) Gastrointestinal 2) Hepatic 3) Neuromuscular 4) Renal

If a 60% solution (A) were exposed to a 10% solution (B) across a semipermeable membrane, what would be the strength of each solution following equilibrium?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

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Gas Exchange and Transport

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

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Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

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Filters

What is the normal ratio of HCO₃^- to carbonic acid in healthy individuals?