Question 1

In insects,the passage from one body form to another is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) pupation 
B) ecdysis 
C) metamorphosis 
D) transference 
A) pupation 
B) ecdysis 
C) metamorphosis 
D) transference

Question 2

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

Accepted Answer

A) The key to cloning success is to pick a donor cell from very early in development. 
B) Cloned animals are capable of producing normal offspring. 
C) The nucleus of a fully-differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to be totipotent. 
D) Genetic imprinting,which occurs in adult reproductive tissue,can take months for sperm and years for eggs. 
A) The key to cloning success is to pick a donor cell from very early in development. 
B) Cloned animals are capable of producing normal offspring. 
C) The nucleus of a fully-differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to be totipotent. 
D) Genetic imprinting,which occurs in adult reproductive tissue,can take months for sperm and years for eggs.

Question 3

In general,the blastomeres of the_______ form the ectodermal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane 
A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane

Question 4

Overexpression of caudal in the early Drosophila embryo,at a level high enough to overcome inhibition by bicoid protein,would

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with the development of anterior structures. 
B) interfere with the development of posterior structures. 
C) interfere with the development of both anterior and posterior structures. 
D) have no effect since the cytoplasm has already been determineD. 
A) interfere with the development of anterior structures. 
B) interfere with the development of posterior structures. 
C) interfere with the development of both anterior and posterior structures. 
D) have no effect since the cytoplasm has already been determineD.

Question 5

A mutation in an integrin protein may result in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) an interruption in signal transduction. 
B) defects in attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix. 
C) the failure to induce changes in gene transcription. 
D) the failure to mediate Ca2+ binding. 
A) an interruption in signal transduction. 
B) defects in attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix. 
C) the failure to induce changes in gene transcription. 
D) the failure to mediate Ca2+ binding.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding animal and vegetal poles is true?

Accepted Answer

A) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the animal pole cells become mesoderm. 
B) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the vegetal pole cells become mesoderm. 
C) Isolated animal cells develop as endoderm. 
D) Isolated vegetal cells develop as ectoderm. 
A) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the animal pole cells become mesoderm. 
B) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the vegetal pole cells become mesoderm. 
C) Isolated animal cells develop as endoderm. 
D) Isolated vegetal cells develop as ectoderm.

Question 7

Plants have special groups of self-renewing cells called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) root cells 
B) chloroplasts 
C) cast cells 
D) meristems 
A) root cells 
B) chloroplasts 
C) cast cells 
D) meristems

Question 8

Many insects go through an elaborate development called metamorphosis.They move from a larval stage into a pupal stage and after a time emerge as an adult.Which of the following statements regarding this metamorphosis is true?

Accepted Answer

A) This metamorphosis involves the total rearrangement of all larval cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
B) This metamorphosis involves the partial rearrangement of some of the larval cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
C) This metamorphosis involves the total rearrangement of all pupal cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
D) This metamorphosis involves the absorption of nutrients from the pupal case prior to emerging as an adult insect. 
A) This metamorphosis involves the total rearrangement of all larval cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
B) This metamorphosis involves the partial rearrangement of some of the larval cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
C) This metamorphosis involves the total rearrangement of all pupal cells and contents,which are used in the growth and development of the adult. 
D) This metamorphosis involves the absorption of nutrients from the pupal case prior to emerging as an adult insect.

Question 9

Very early in development,each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) determination. 
B) differentiation. 
C) positional labels. 
D) totipotency. 
E) a chimera. 
A) determination. 
B) differentiation. 
C) positional labels. 
D) totipotency. 
E) a chimera.

Question 10

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells called a blastomere.Select the correct statement that describes the condition of a blastomere.

Accepted Answer

A) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells and the cell size of the blastomeres. 
B) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous decrease in the number of cells and the cell size of the blastomeres. 
C) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the blastomeres. 
D) During the initial cleavages,there is no increase in the number of cells of the blastomere,but the size of the cells increases. 
A) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells and the cell size of the blastomeres. 
B) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous decrease in the number of cells and the cell size of the blastomeres. 
C) During the initial cleavages,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the blastomeres. 
D) During the initial cleavages,there is no increase in the number of cells of the blastomere,but the size of the cells increases.

Question 11

The offspring of which of the following organisms are most at risk for developmental defects due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)?

Accepted Answer

A) organisms at the top of the food chain 
B) organisms at the bottom of the food chain 
C) herbivores 
D) omnivores 
E) carnivores 
A) organisms at the top of the food chain 
B) organisms at the bottom of the food chain 
C) herbivores 
D) omnivores 
E) carnivores

Question 12

Drosophila eggs acquire an initial asymmetry before fertilization as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) production of bicoid proteins in one end of the egg. 
B) maternal DNA molecules being deposited in one end of the egg. 
C) nurse cell migration to one end of the egg. 
D) maternal mRNA being deposited in one end of the egg. 
E) attachments of cadherins to one end of the cell. 
A) production of bicoid proteins in one end of the egg. 
B) maternal DNA molecules being deposited in one end of the egg. 
C) nurse cell migration to one end of the egg. 
D) maternal mRNA being deposited in one end of the egg. 
E) attachments of cadherins to one end of the cell.

Question 13

One piece of evidence suggesting that HOM and Hox genes are homologous is

Accepted Answer

A) that the mouse has twice as many Hox gene clusters as DrosophilA. 
B) that the homeobox identifies the portion of the genome involved in pattern formation. 
C) that the homeobox has been identified in primitive organisms. 
D) their linear order of organization on chromosomes is the same in mouse and Drosophila. 
A) that the mouse has twice as many Hox gene clusters as DrosophilA. 
B) that the homeobox identifies the portion of the genome involved in pattern formation. 
C) that the homeobox has been identified in primitive organisms. 
D) their linear order of organization on chromosomes is the same in mouse and Drosophila.

Question 14

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

Accepted Answer

A) inductors. 
B) organizers. 
C) cadherin domains. 
D) determinants. 
E) morphogens. 
A) inductors. 
B) organizers. 
C) cadherin domains. 
D) determinants. 
E) morphogens.

Question 15

In general,the blastomeres of the_______ form the endodermal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane 
A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane

Question 16

In plants,the main functions of MADS box-containing genes include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. 
B) root development. 
C) generation of leaf form. 
D) floral organ identity. 
A) the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. 
B) root development. 
C) generation of leaf form. 
D) floral organ identity.

Question 17

A mutation in a Hox gene typically results in

Accepted Answer

A) a transformation to anterior structures. 
B) a transformation to posterior structures. 
C) a segmental deletion. 
D) legs growing out of the head of a fly. 
A) a transformation to anterior structures. 
B) a transformation to posterior structures. 
C) a segmental deletion. 
D) legs growing out of the head of a fly.

Question 18

In Drosophila,the first mRNA to be transcribed after fertilization is

Accepted Answer

A) caudal. 
B) hairy. 
C) hunchback. 
D) engraileD. 
A) caudal. 
B) hairy. 
C) hunchback. 
D) engraileD.

Question 19

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) fruit fly. 
B) earthworm. 
C) nematode. 
D) angiosperm. 
E) fungus. 
A) fruit fly. 
B) earthworm. 
C) nematode. 
D) angiosperm. 
E) fungus.

Question 20

The Drosophila homeotic genes typically contain the homeobox.The homeobox is a sequence of 180 nucleotides.This sequence codes for ______ amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) 30 
B) 60 
C) 90 
D) 120 
E) 180 
A) 30 
B) 60 
C) 90 
D) 120 
E) 180

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

In insects,the passage from one body form to another is called ________.

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

In general,the blastomeres of the_______ form the ectodermal tissues.

Overexpression of caudal in the early Drosophila embryo,at a level high enough to overcome inhibition by bicoid protein,would

A mutation in an integrin protein may result in all of the following except

Which of the following statements regarding animal and vegetal poles is true?

Plants have special groups of self-renewing cells called ________.

Many insects go through an elaborate development called metamorphosis.They move from a larval stage into a pupal stage and after a time emerge as an adult.Which of the following statements regarding this metamorphosis is true?

Very early in development,each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells called a blastomere.Select the correct statement that describes the condition of a blastomere.

The offspring of which of the following organisms are most at risk for developmental defects due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)?

Drosophila eggs acquire an initial asymmetry before fertilization as a result of

One piece of evidence suggesting that HOM and Hox genes are homologous is

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

In general,the blastomeres of the_______ form the endodermal tissues.

In plants,the main functions of MADS box-containing genes include all of the following except

A mutation in a Hox gene typically results in

In Drosophila,the first mRNA to be transcribed after fertilization is

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

The Drosophila homeotic genes typically contain the homeobox.The homeobox is a sequence of 180 nucleotides.This sequence codes for ______ amino acids.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology