Question 1

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) increased apoptosis. 
B) decreased apoptosis. 
C) blood clots 
D) cell membrane interactions 
A) increased apoptosis. 
B) decreased apoptosis. 
C) blood clots 
D) cell membrane interactions

Question 2

In Drosophila,the MADS box-containing gene,Mef2,is expressed in muscle precursor cells.In Mef2 mutants,these cells fail to develop into muscle fibers,and instead undergo apoptosis.Based on this information,and what you know about MADS box-containing genes,Mef2 plays a role in

Accepted Answer

A) determination of muscle precursors. 
B) differentiation of muscle cells. 
C) the initiation of apoptosis. 
D) morphogenesis. 
A) determination of muscle precursors. 
B) differentiation of muscle cells. 
C) the initiation of apoptosis. 
D) morphogenesis.

Question 3

A hollow ball of cells that results from repeated cell divisions is called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastomere. 
B) gastrula. 
C) blastula. 
D) somite. 
E) imaginal disk. 
A) blastomere. 
B) gastrula. 
C) blastula. 
D) somite. 
E) imaginal disk.

Question 4

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death. 
A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death.

Question 5

The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

Accepted Answer

A) in therapeutic cloning,embryonic stem cells are extracted from the blastocyst,while in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother. 
B) somatic cell nuclear transfer is used for therapeutic cloning,while gametic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother. 
C) unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not display genetic imprinting problems. 
D) unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not require the destruction of embryos. 
A) in therapeutic cloning,embryonic stem cells are extracted from the blastocyst,while in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother. 
B) somatic cell nuclear transfer is used for therapeutic cloning,while gametic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning,the blastocyst is kept intact and implanted into a surrogate mother. 
C) unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not display genetic imprinting problems. 
D) unlike cells used for reproductive cloning,cells grown for therapeutic purposes do not require the destruction of embryos.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Bcl2 inhibits Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
B) Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 inhibits Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
C) Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
D) Apar1 inhibits Bcl2,Bcl2 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
A) Bcl2 inhibits Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
B) Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 inhibits Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
C) Bcl2 activates Apar1,Apaf1 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components 
D) Apar1 inhibits Bcl2,Bcl2 activates Caspase-8 or 9,caspases degrade cell components

Question 7

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death. 
A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death.

Question 8

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A) genetic imprinting. 
B) the age of the donor cell. 
C) cell cycle problems. 
D) large offspring syndrome (LOS). 
A) genetic imprinting. 
B) the age of the donor cell. 
C) cell cycle problems. 
D) large offspring syndrome (LOS).

Question 9

________,the initial period of division in a zygote,is not accompanied by any increase in the overall size of the embryo.

Accepted Answer

A) Mitosis 
B) Cleavage 
C) Meiosis 
D) Fertilization 
A) Mitosis 
B) Cleavage 
C) Meiosis 
D) Fertilization

Question 10

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,the development of which of the following structures would be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) the notochord and mesenchyme 
B) the underlying endoderm 
C) the overlying ectoderm 
D) muscle cells 
A) the notochord and mesenchyme 
B) the underlying endoderm 
C) the overlying ectoderm 
D) muscle cells

Question 11

A fly that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

Accepted Answer

A) is genetically wild-type,but has a bicoid mutant mother. 
B) is mutant for bicoid and has a bicoid mutant mother. 
C) may be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoid,but definitely has a bicoid mutant mother. 
D) can be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoiD.The genotype of the mother cannot be determined from the information provideD. 
A) is genetically wild-type,but has a bicoid mutant mother. 
B) is mutant for bicoid and has a bicoid mutant mother. 
C) may be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoid,but definitely has a bicoid mutant mother. 
D) can be either genetically wild-type or mutant for bicoiD.The genotype of the mother cannot be determined from the information provideD.

Question 12

If one were to inject bicoid+ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Accepted Answer

A) try to form anterior structures in the middle of its body. 
B) try to form posterior structures in the middle of its body. 
C) not develop at all. 
D) develop normally. 
A) try to form anterior structures in the middle of its body. 
B) try to form posterior structures in the middle of its body. 
C) not develop at all. 
D) develop normally.

Question 13

Egg cells were combined with ______ to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

Accepted Answer

A) skin cells 
B) sperm cells 
C) mucous membrane cells 
D) mammary cells 
E) ovarian cells 
A) skin cells 
B) sperm cells 
C) mucous membrane cells 
D) mammary cells 
E) ovarian cells

Question 14

A fertilized egg is called a _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) zygote 
B) ovule 
C) oocyte 
D) blastocyst 
A) zygote 
B) ovule 
C) oocyte 
D) blastocyst

Question 15

Which of the following represents the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes 
B) gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes 
C) gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes 
D) segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genes 
A) pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes 
B) gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes 
C) gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes 
D) segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genes

Question 16

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

Accepted Answer

A) control the same traits. 
B) be on the same chromosomes. 
C) have arisen very early in the evolutionary history of animals. 
D) have developed simultaneously. 
E) code for the exact same proteins. 
A) control the same traits. 
B) be on the same chromosomes. 
C) have arisen very early in the evolutionary history of animals. 
D) have developed simultaneously. 
E) code for the exact same proteins.

Question 17

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Accepted Answer

A) develop normally. 
B) have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity. 
C) lack dorsal structures. 
D) lack ventral structures. 
A) develop normally. 
B) have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity. 
C) lack dorsal structures. 
D) lack ventral structures.

Question 18

The elongated structure that links the embryo of a developing plant to its nutrient source is called the

Accepted Answer

A) suspensor. 
B) meristem. 
C) vascular tissue. 
D) imaginal connection. 
E) syncytial blastoderm. 
A) suspensor. 
B) meristem. 
C) vascular tissue. 
D) imaginal connection. 
E) syncytial blastoderm.

Question 19

In a cell transplantation experiment,one must

Accepted Answer

A) label the host cells with cell lineage or genetic markers. 
B) label the donor cells with cell lineage or genetic markers. 
C) label the host cells with a cell lineage marker and the donor cell with a genetic marker. 
D) label the host cells with a genetic marker and the donor cell with a cell lineage marker. 
A) label the host cells with cell lineage or genetic markers. 
B) label the donor cells with cell lineage or genetic markers. 
C) label the host cells with a cell lineage marker and the donor cell with a genetic marker. 
D) label the host cells with a genetic marker and the donor cell with a cell lineage marker.

Question 20

In Drosophila,the initial cells formed by cleavage contain different determinants.The determinants direct the path of development.What type of development path is used by Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

A) regulative development 
B) cleavage development 
C) mosaic development 
D) morphogen development 
E) induction development 
A) regulative development 
B) cleavage development 
C) mosaic development 
D) morphogen development 
E) induction development

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

In Drosophila,the MADS box-containing gene,Mef2,is expressed in muscle precursor cells.In Mef2 mutants,these cells fail to develop into muscle fibers,and instead undergo apoptosis.Based on this information,and what you know about MADS box-containing genes,Mef2 plays a role in

A hollow ball of cells that results from repeated cell divisions is called a

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

The main difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is that

Which of the following best describes the apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells?

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

________,the initial period of division in a zygote,is not accompanied by any increase in the overall size of the embryo.

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,the development of which of the following structures would be affected?

A fly that expresses the bicoid mutant phenotype

If one were to inject bicoid+ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would

Egg cells were combined with ______ to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.

A fertilized egg is called a _____________.

Which of the following represents the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that these genes must

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

The elongated structure that links the embryo of a developing plant to its nutrient source is called the

In a cell transplantation experiment,one must

In Drosophila,the initial cells formed by cleavage contain different determinants.The determinants direct the path of development.What type of development path is used by Drosophila?

The Science of Biology

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If one were to inject bicoid⁺ cytoplasm into the middle of a Drosophila egg immediately prior to fertilization,the embryo would