Question 1

Which one of the following is not an agent of evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) gene flow 
C) random mating 
D) genetic drift 
E) selection 
A) mutation 
B) gene flow 
C) random mating 
D) genetic drift 
E) selection

Question 2

The disease,sickle-cell anemia is common in malaria-infested areas because individuals that are heterozygous for the gene (AS)have enhanced resistance to malaria over normal individuals (AA).Individuals with severe sickle-cell anemia (SS)usually die before reproduction.Assume that a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has allele frequencies of A = 0.8 and S = 0.2.Assume that this population is then subject to the following selection forces:
AA: 15% die of malaria
AS: 5% die of malaria
SS: 100% die of severe sickle-cell anemia
What will be the frequency of the S allele after selection occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0 
B) 0.04 
C) 0.15 
D) 0.18 
E) 0.3 
A) 0.0 
B) 0.04 
C) 0.15 
D) 0.18 
E) 0.3

Question 3

Hardy-Weinberg pointed out that the original proportions of the genotypes in a population would remain constant from generation to generation if certain assumptions are met.Which one of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition?

Accepted Answer

A) The population is very large. 
B) No gene flow occurs. 
C) No selection occurs. 
D) Random mating occurs. 
E) No polymorphic loci exist in the population. 
A) The population is very large. 
B) No gene flow occurs. 
C) No selection occurs. 
D) Random mating occurs. 
E) No polymorphic loci exist in the population.

Question 4

You are studying a population of geese in which there are two color phases,brown and gray.Color in this species is controlled by a single gene,with brown dominant to gray.A random sample of 250 geese shows that 210 are brown.What percentage of the brown geese are heterozygous? (Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. )

Accepted Answer

A) 36% 
B) 43% 
C) 48% 
D) 57% 
E) 84% 
A) 36% 
B) 43% 
C) 48% 
D) 57% 
E) 84%

Question 5

In the Hardy-Weinberg equations,the frequencies of 2 alleles in a population (where there are only 2 alleles to consider)can be designated as

Accepted Answer

A) (p + q)2. 
B) p and q. 
C) p2 and q2. 
D) 2pq. 
E) 1 - p and 1 - q. 
A) (p + q)2. 
B) p and q. 
C) p2 and q2. 
D) 2pq. 
E) 1 - p and 1 - q.

Question 6

Which one of the following could not be involved in gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A) wind-blown pollen 
B) gametes dispersed by ocean currents 
C) zygotes dispersed by ocean currents 
D) disassortive mating within a population 
E) hybridization between neighboring populations 
A) wind-blown pollen 
B) gametes dispersed by ocean currents 
C) zygotes dispersed by ocean currents 
D) disassortive mating within a population 
E) hybridization between neighboring populations

Question 7

Assortive and disassortive mating are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A) change only the expected Hardy-Weinberg allele frequencies in a population. 
B) change only the expected Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies in a population. 
C) change both the expected Hardy-Weinberg allele and genotype frequencies in a population. 
D) are kinds of selection pressure. 
E) are examples of random mating. 
A) change only the expected Hardy-Weinberg allele frequencies in a population. 
B) change only the expected Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies in a population. 
C) change both the expected Hardy-Weinberg allele and genotype frequencies in a population. 
D) are kinds of selection pressure. 
E) are examples of random mating.

Question 8

The gene pool includes

Accepted Answer

A) all of the fitness within a population. 
B) all of the individuals within a population. 
C) all of the mutations within a population. 
D) all of the adaptations within a population. 
E) all of the alleles of genes within a population. 
A) all of the fitness within a population. 
B) all of the individuals within a population. 
C) all of the mutations within a population. 
D) all of the adaptations within a population. 
E) all of the alleles of genes within a population.

Question 9

Gene flow,defined as the movement of genes from one population to another,can take place by migration,as well as

Accepted Answer

A) mating with certain trait-containing individuals. 
B) mating with dominant phenotypes. 
C) hybridization between individuals of adjacent populations. 
D) removing the barriers between the populations. 
E) physical movement of genes within an individual by transposons. 
A) mating with certain trait-containing individuals. 
B) mating with dominant phenotypes. 
C) hybridization between individuals of adjacent populations. 
D) removing the barriers between the populations. 
E) physical movement of genes within an individual by transposons.

Question 10

Populations of humans are known to have founder effects.For instance there are small populations in the US that frequently show

Accepted Answer

A) 6 fingers. 
B) 4 fingers. 
C) complete hairlessness. 
D) blue hair. 
E) No human populations are known to have founder effects. 
A) 6 fingers. 
B) 4 fingers. 
C) complete hairlessness. 
D) blue hair. 
E) No human populations are known to have founder effects.

Question 11

Antigens on red blood cells are hereditary traits that allow blood to be typed in different ways.One system is based on a gene with two alleles,M and N.If the frequency of the M allele in a population is 0.4,then according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule,the expected frequency of the heterozygous MN genotype is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.16 
B) 0.24 
C) 0.36 
D) 0.48 
E) 0.6 
A) 0.16 
B) 0.24 
C) 0.36 
D) 0.48 
E) 0.6

Question 12

At least some of the requirements for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would be in effect on the island.For instance there is probably

Accepted Answer

A) high rates of immigration. 
B) a very large population size. 
C) little gene flow. 
D) no mutation. 
E) random mating. 
A) high rates of immigration. 
B) a very large population size. 
C) little gene flow. 
D) no mutation. 
E) random mating.

Question 13

Certain small towns in the western United States have remained isolated and inbred since their settlement many years ago.Some alleles are more common in these communities as compared to the rest of the population.This effect is known as

Accepted Answer

A) artificial selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disrupting selection. 
D) Hardy-Weinberg principle. 
E) founder principlE. 
A) artificial selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disrupting selection. 
D) Hardy-Weinberg principle. 
E) founder principlE.

Question 14

In negative frequency-dependent selection,such as in the study done on the water boatman insect,the incidence of predation leads to an

Accepted Answer

A) elimination of a rare genotype. 
B) even distribution of genotype frequencies. 
C) increase in a rare genotype. 
D) increase in variation within the population. 
E) increase in a rare genotype and an increase in variation within the population. 
A) elimination of a rare genotype. 
B) even distribution of genotype frequencies. 
C) increase in a rare genotype. 
D) increase in variation within the population. 
E) increase in a rare genotype and an increase in variation within the population.

Question 15

Which of the following examples is not evidence that natural selection is at work?

Accepted Answer

A) The color of a caterpillar larva matches the color of the leaves of its host plant. 
B) Turtles hatched from eggs in moist sand are larger than those hatched from eggs in dry sand. 
C) A species of lizard is dark if it lives on cooled lava,but white if it lives on sand. 
D) Enzyme polymorphism in a widespread species changes with geography. 
E) An insect population becomes resistant to a commonly used insecticidE. 
A) The color of a caterpillar larva matches the color of the leaves of its host plant. 
B) Turtles hatched from eggs in moist sand are larger than those hatched from eggs in dry sand. 
C) A species of lizard is dark if it lives on cooled lava,but white if it lives on sand. 
D) Enzyme polymorphism in a widespread species changes with geography. 
E) An insect population becomes resistant to a commonly used insecticidE.

Question 16

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) creation of new species. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) outcrossing. 
E) increasing evolutionary resistancE. 
A) natural selection. 
B) creation of new species. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) outcrossing. 
E) increasing evolutionary resistancE.

Question 17

Compared with Hardy-Weinberg predictions,populations that have practiced assortative mating have

Accepted Answer

A) fewer homozygotes. 
B) less natural selection. 
C) more heterozygotes. 
D) more homozygotes. 
E) more mutations. 
A) fewer homozygotes. 
B) less natural selection. 
C) more heterozygotes. 
D) more homozygotes. 
E) more mutations.

Question 18

Biologists examined the question of variation in different genes through studies on

Accepted Answer

A) blood groups only. 
B) enzymes only. 
C) learning only. 
D) blood groups,enzymes,and learning. 
E) blood groups and enzymes. 
A) blood groups only. 
B) enzymes only. 
C) learning only. 
D) blood groups,enzymes,and learning. 
E) blood groups and enzymes.

Question 19

The type of non-random mating that causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is called

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) migration. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) assortative mating. 
E) selection. 
A) mutation. 
B) migration. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) assortative mating. 
E) selection.

Question 20

A _________ locus exhibits more variation than is expected by mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) polymorphic 
B) double 
C) mosaic 
D) allelic 
A) polymorphic 
B) double 
C) mosaic 
D) allelic

Exam 20: Genes Within Populations

Which one of the following is not an agent of evolutionary change?

Hardy-Weinberg pointed out that the original proportions of the genotypes in a population would remain constant from generation to generation if certain assumptions are met.Which one of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition?

In the Hardy-Weinberg equations,the frequencies of 2 alleles in a population (where there are only 2 alleles to consider)can be designated as

Which one of the following could not be involved in gene flow?

Assortive and disassortive mating are similar in that both

The gene pool includes

Gene flow,defined as the movement of genes from one population to another,can take place by migration,as well as

Populations of humans are known to have founder effects.For instance there are small populations in the US that frequently show

At least some of the requirements for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would be in effect on the island.For instance there is probably

Certain small towns in the western United States have remained isolated and inbred since their settlement many years ago.Some alleles are more common in these communities as compared to the rest of the population.This effect is known as

In negative frequency-dependent selection,such as in the study done on the water boatman insect,the incidence of predation leads to an

Which of the following examples is not evidence that natural selection is at work?

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of

Compared with Hardy-Weinberg predictions,populations that have practiced assortative mating have

Biologists examined the question of variation in different genes through studies on

The type of non-random mating that causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is called

A _________ locus exhibits more variation than is expected by mutation.

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