Question 1

Figure 35.2
  
-Using the data in Figure 35.2,how long does it take for virus B to go through one lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 minutes 
B) 30 minutes 
C) 45 minutes 
D) 60 minutes 
A) 15 minutes 
B) 30 minutes 
C) 45 minutes 
D) 60 minutes

Question 2

You believe that you have isolated a new strain of positive-sense,single-stranded RNA virus and set about studying it in your laboratory.Which of the following lines of evidence would most strongly support your hypothesis that the virus is a [+]ssRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The virions are diploid. 
B) You sequence the bases in both the viral RNA and the mRNA and find them to be antiparallel. 
C) Introducing a protease inhibitor causes the virus to stop producing proteins and reproducing. 
D) Introducing a reverse transcriptase inhibitor slows down the growth of the virus. 
A) The virions are diploid. 
B) You sequence the bases in both the viral RNA and the mRNA and find them to be antiparallel. 
C) Introducing a protease inhibitor causes the virus to stop producing proteins and reproducing. 
D) Introducing a reverse transcriptase inhibitor slows down the growth of the virus.

Question 3

Figure 35.1
  
-Seroconversion occurs when a person's immune system begins to manufacture antibodies against the HIV virus.Where on the graph in Figure 35.1 does seroconversion occur?

Accepted Answer

A) point B 
B) point A 
C) point C 
D) point D 
E) point E 
A) point B 
B) point A 
C) point C 
D) point D 
E) point E

Question 4

Why do scientists consider HIV to be an emerging virus?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV infected humans long before AIDS first become a problem in the early 1980s,but it has now mutated to a more deadly form. 
B) HIV mutates so rapidly that the virus of today has very little similarity to the virus in the first AIDS patients from the early 1980s. 
C) HIV used to infect only chimps,but it has mutated in such a way that it now infects humans. 
D) HIV is now starting to cause diseases other than AIDS,such as rare types of cancers and pneumonias. 
A) HIV infected humans long before AIDS first become a problem in the early 1980s,but it has now mutated to a more deadly form. 
B) HIV mutates so rapidly that the virus of today has very little similarity to the virus in the first AIDS patients from the early 1980s. 
C) HIV used to infect only chimps,but it has mutated in such a way that it now infects humans. 
D) HIV is now starting to cause diseases other than AIDS,such as rare types of cancers and pneumonias.

Question 5

To make a vaccine against mumps,measles,or rabies,which type of viruses would be useful?

Accepted Answer

A) dsDNA viruses 
B) negative-sense ssRNA viruses 
C) retroviruses 
D) positive-sense ssRNA viruses 
E) dsRNA viruses 
A) dsDNA viruses 
B) negative-sense ssRNA viruses 
C) retroviruses 
D) positive-sense ssRNA viruses 
E) dsRNA viruses

Question 6

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

Accepted Answer

A) ssRNA 
B) dsRNA 
C) ssDNA 
D) dsDNA 
A) ssRNA 
B) dsRNA 
C) ssDNA 
D) dsDNA

Question 7

What is difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

A) An epidemic is a disease that spreads or becomes more common;a pandemic is a disease that remains stable in terms of numbers affected. 
B) An epidemic is a disease;a pandemic is a treatment. 
C) An epidemic is restricted to a local region;a pandemic is more global. 
D) An epidemic is a disease with fairly low mortality;a pandemic has a much higher mortality rate. 
E) An epidemic is caused by a bacterial infection;a pandemic is caused by a viral infection. 
A) An epidemic is a disease that spreads or becomes more common;a pandemic is a disease that remains stable in terms of numbers affected. 
B) An epidemic is a disease;a pandemic is a treatment. 
C) An epidemic is restricted to a local region;a pandemic is more global. 
D) An epidemic is a disease with fairly low mortality;a pandemic has a much higher mortality rate. 
E) An epidemic is caused by a bacterial infection;a pandemic is caused by a viral infection.

Question 8

Figure 35.2
  
-Cells were infected with approximately 1000 copies of either virus A or virus B at the 0 time point.At 5-minute intervals,a sample of the virus and cell mixture was removed.The intact cells were removed from the sample,and the number of viruses per milliliter of culture was determined.
Using the data in Figure 35.2,how long does it take for virus A to go through one lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 minutes 
B) 30 minutes 
C) 45 minutes 
D) 90 minutes 
A) 15 minutes 
B) 30 minutes 
C) 45 minutes 
D) 90 minutes

Question 9

A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) strain 
B) species 
C) type 
D) genome 
E) sense 
A) strain 
B) species 
C) type 
D) genome 
E) sense

Question 10

The HIV protease has been the target of several anti-HIV medications.This antiviral strategy is possible because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the HIV protease is easily precipitated out of the cell by combining with certain salt solutions 
B) the HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins 
C) these drugs are very specific to the active site of the HIV protease 
D) the HIV protease is easily precipitated out of the cell by combining with certain salt solutions.The HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins 
E) the HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins.These drugs are very specific to the active site of the HIV protease 
A) the HIV protease is easily precipitated out of the cell by combining with certain salt solutions 
B) the HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins 
C) these drugs are very specific to the active site of the HIV protease 
D) the HIV protease is easily precipitated out of the cell by combining with certain salt solutions.The HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins 
E) the HIV protease cleaves at specific places in viral polypeptides,which results in the formation of active viral proteins.These drugs are very specific to the active site of the HIV protease

Question 11

What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) Enveloped viruses have their genetic material enclosed by a protein or phospholipid coat. 
B) Nonenveloped viruses have only a phospholipid membrane,while enveloped viruses have two membranes,the other one being a protein capsid. 
C) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid,whereas nonenveloped viruses do not. 
D) Both viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membrane;but in the nonenveloped virus the genetic material is between these two membranes,while in the enveloped virus the genetic material is inside both membranes. 
A) Enveloped viruses have their genetic material enclosed by a protein or phospholipid coat. 
B) Nonenveloped viruses have only a phospholipid membrane,while enveloped viruses have two membranes,the other one being a protein capsid. 
C) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid,whereas nonenveloped viruses do not. 
D) Both viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membrane;but in the nonenveloped virus the genetic material is between these two membranes,while in the enveloped virus the genetic material is inside both membranes.

Exam 35: Viruses

Figure 35.2 -Using the data in Figure 35.2,how long does it take for virus B to go through one lytic cycle?

You believe that you have isolated a new strain of positive-sense,single-stranded RNA virus and set about studying it in your laboratory.Which of the following lines of evidence would most strongly support your hypothesis that the virus is a [+]ssRNA?

Figure 35.1 -Seroconversion occurs when a person's immune system begins to manufacture antibodies against the HIV virus.Where on the graph in Figure 35.1 does seroconversion occur?

Why do scientists consider HIV to be an emerging virus?

To make a vaccine against mumps,measles,or rabies,which type of viruses would be useful?

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

What is difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a _____.

The HIV protease has been the target of several anti-HIV medications.This antiviral strategy is possible because _____.

What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

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Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

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Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

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Protists

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An Introduction to Animals

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Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

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Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

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The Immune System in Animals

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