Question 1

In addition to proteins,thylakoid membranes must contain a large number of _____ molecules in the reaction centers in order to harvest light energy.

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipid 
B) water 
C) pigment 
D) electron carrier 
A) phospholipid 
B) water 
C) pigment 
D) electron carrier

Question 2

What is the difference between NAD⁺ and NADP?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD⁺ functions as an electron transporter,whereas NADP does not. 
B) NAD⁺ functions as a free-energy source for cells,whereas NADP does not. 
C) Both function as electron carriers,but NADP has a phosphate group and NAD⁺ does not. 
D) Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain (ET
C) found on the inner mitochondrial membrane,but NADP transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher energy level. 
A) NAD⁺ functions as an electron transporter,whereas NADP does not. 
B) NAD⁺ functions as a free-energy source for cells,whereas NADP does not. 
C) Both function as electron carriers,but NADP has a phosphate group and NAD⁺ does not. 
D) Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain (ET
C) found on the inner mitochondrial membrane,but NADP transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher energy level.

Question 3

Photorespiration is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a process that rarely occurs in photosynthetic organisms 
B) a process involving addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of ribose-1,5-diphosphate 
C) a process involving the addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of the products 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate 
D) a process involving the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
A) a process that rarely occurs in photosynthetic organisms 
B) a process involving addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of ribose-1,5-diphosphate 
C) a process involving the addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of the products 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate 
D) a process involving the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Question 4

Energy from sunlight can excite electrons,kicking them out of their orbitals and creating free radicals.Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules that have unpaired electrons and degrade and destroy other compounds in their vicinity.Carotenoids,one of the pigments present in most chloroplasts,can stabilize these free radicals.This suggests that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) once chloroplasts are destroyed,the free radicals will destroy the cell 
B) carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell 
C) free radicals induce the synthesis of carotenoids in chloroplasts 
D) carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants 
A) once chloroplasts are destroyed,the free radicals will destroy the cell 
B) carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell 
C) free radicals induce the synthesis of carotenoids in chloroplasts 
D) carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants

Question 5

In autumn,the leaves of deciduous trees change colors.This is because the chlorophyll is degraded,and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves 
B) degraded chlorophyll changes color 
C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced 
D) the cells of the leaves begin to die 
A) the carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves 
B) degraded chlorophyll changes color 
C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced 
D) the cells of the leaves begin to die

Question 6

Which of the following procedures would identify the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

Accepted Answer

A) irradiating a leaf extract with red light 
B) introducing radiolabeled carbon dioxide into a plant extract and determining which molecules become radiolabeled 
C) purifying a variety of proteins from plant extracts and testing each protein individually to see if it can carboxylate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D) differential sedimentation of a protein extract 
A) irradiating a leaf extract with red light 
B) introducing radiolabeled carbon dioxide into a plant extract and determining which molecules become radiolabeled 
C) purifying a variety of proteins from plant extracts and testing each protein individually to see if it can carboxylate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D) differential sedimentation of a protein extract

Question 7

How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis related?

Accepted Answer

A) The products of the light-independent reactions are used in the light-dependent reactions. 
B) The products of light-dependent reactions are used in light-independent reactions. 
C) The products of light-independent reactions must be present for light-dependent reactions to take place. 
D) They are not related. 
A) The products of the light-independent reactions are used in the light-dependent reactions. 
B) The products of light-dependent reactions are used in light-independent reactions. 
C) The products of light-independent reactions must be present for light-dependent reactions to take place. 
D) They are not related.

Question 8

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions _____.

Accepted Answer

A) are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid 
B) are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen 
C) are considered to be part of the reaction center of photosystem I 
D) absorb the same wavelengths of light as their associated chlorophylls 
A) are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid 
B) are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen 
C) are considered to be part of the reaction center of photosystem I 
D) absorb the same wavelengths of light as their associated chlorophylls

Question 9

How does carbon fixation differ between C₃ and C₄ plants?

Accepted Answer

A) C₄ plants undergo carbon fixation by carboxylation of a four-carbon substrate (oxaloacetate),while in C₃ plants,a three-carbon compound (phosphoglycerate)is carboxylated. 
B) Both C₃ and C₄ plants involve carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate by rubisco;but in C₃ plants,the first stable intermediate is 3-phosphoglycerate,and in C₄ plants,it is oxaloacetate. 
C) C₃ plants don't undergo photorespiration,but C₄ plants do. 
D) Rubisco is the primary enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in C₃ plants,and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase can catalyze carbon fixation in C₄ plants. 
A) C₄ plants undergo carbon fixation by carboxylation of a four-carbon substrate (oxaloacetate),while in C₃ plants,a three-carbon compound (phosphoglycerate)is carboxylated. 
B) Both C₃ and C₄ plants involve carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate by rubisco;but in C₃ plants,the first stable intermediate is 3-phosphoglycerate,and in C₄ plants,it is oxaloacetate. 
C) C₃ plants don't undergo photorespiration,but C₄ plants do. 
D) Rubisco is the primary enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in C₃ plants,and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase can catalyze carbon fixation in C₄ plants.

Question 10

What capability of flavonoids,found in plants,protects their leaves from damage due to ultraviolet light?

Accepted Answer

A) their ability to stabilize free radicals 
B) their ability to temporarily shut down photosynthesis 
C) their ability to reflect ultraviolet light 
D) their ability to absorb ultraviolet light 
A) their ability to stabilize free radicals 
B) their ability to temporarily shut down photosynthesis 
C) their ability to reflect ultraviolet light 
D) their ability to absorb ultraviolet light

Question 11

Most of the enzymes of the Calvin cycle also function in other metabolic pathways.This should not be a surprising finding,because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic reactions are catalyzed by enzymes that have multiple functions 
B) there is a close relationship between carbohydrate synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism 
C) the Calvin cycle is nearly ubiquitous in cells,as are metabolic pathways 
D) the Calvin cycle probably evolved at the same time as did glycolysis 
A) metabolic reactions are catalyzed by enzymes that have multiple functions 
B) there is a close relationship between carbohydrate synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism 
C) the Calvin cycle is nearly ubiquitous in cells,as are metabolic pathways 
D) the Calvin cycle probably evolved at the same time as did glycolysis

Question 12

Based on what you know about the structure and function of the antenna complex,irradiating a leaf with which of the following light types would result in the release of the greatest quantities of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) red and orange light 
B) green and blue light 
C) violet and red light 
D) red and blue light 
A) red and orange light 
B) green and blue light 
C) violet and red light 
D) red and blue light

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

In addition to proteins,thylakoid membranes must contain a large number of _____ molecules in the reaction centers in order to harvest light energy.

What is the difference between NAD⁺ and NADP?

Photorespiration is _____.

In autumn,the leaves of deciduous trees change colors.This is because the chlorophyll is degraded,and _____.

Which of the following procedures would identify the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate?

How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis related?

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions _____.

How does carbon fixation differ between C₃ and C₄ plants?

What capability of flavonoids,found in plants,protects their leaves from damage due to ultraviolet light?

Most of the enzymes of the Calvin cycle also function in other metabolic pathways.This should not be a surprising finding,because _____.

Based on what you know about the structure and function of the antenna complex,irradiating a leaf with which of the following light types would result in the release of the greatest quantities of oxygen?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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