Question 1

Figure 16.4
-Given the DNA template shown above, which of the following bases would you find in a complementary RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  G- C- G- C- G 
B)  U- U- U- U- U 
C)  A- A- A- A- A 
D)  T- T- T- T- T 
A)  G- C- G- C- G 
B)  U- U- U- U- U 
C)  A- A- A- A- A 
D)  T- T- T- T- T C

Question 2

Beadle discovered that metabolic pathways are studied most effectively using which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene amplification 
B)  adding energy in the form of ATP 
C)  adding additional intermediates of the metabolic pathway 
D)  creating single gene mutations resulting in nonfunctional enzymes specific to a metabolic pathway 
A)  gene amplification 
B)  adding energy in the form of ATP 
C)  adding additional intermediates of the metabolic pathway 
D)  creating single gene mutations resulting in nonfunctional enzymes specific to a metabolic pathway D

Question 3

Figure 16.3
Above is a metabolic pathway for the synthesis of an amino acid E), without which an organism could not live. Enzymes are represented by numbers, and substrates by letters. Use this figure for the next  questions.
-Refer to the figure above. If an organism is given E in their diet, they survive. However, if the same organism is given only substrate A, B, C, or D in their diet, they die. Which of the enzymes is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme 1 
B)  Enzyme 2 
C)  Enzyme 3 
D)  Enzyme 4 
A)  Enzyme 1 
B)  Enzyme 2 
C)  Enzyme 3 
D)  Enzyme 4 D

Question 4

In the process of transcription,

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is synthesized. 
B)  mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 
C)  proteins are synthesized. 
D)  DNA is replicated. 
A)  RNA is synthesized. 
B)  mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 
C)  proteins are synthesized. 
D)  DNA is replicated.

Question 5

What molecule serves as a link between the information- containing macromolecule, DNA, and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA 
B)  snRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  tRNA 
A)  rRNA 
B)  snRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  tRNA

Question 6

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA virus that is acellular and is able to reproduce outside a living cell 
B)  a DNA virus that uses DNA as a template in the process of translation 
C)  an RNA virus that has reverse transcriptase, enabling it to make DNA from RNA 
D)  an RNA virus that makes proteins directly from RNA 
A)  a DNA virus that is acellular and is able to reproduce outside a living cell 
B)  a DNA virus that uses DNA as a template in the process of translation 
C)  an RNA virus that has reverse transcriptase, enabling it to make DNA from RNA 
D)  an RNA virus that makes proteins directly from RNA

Question 7

In the Morse code, a series of dots and dashes code for letters of the alphabet. How is this analogous to the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is complementarity in the genetic code A is complementary to T, and C is complementary to G). 
B)  The machinery involved in DNA synthesis is analogous to the telegraph equipment used in sending Morse code. 
C)  The bases of DNA code for the more complex amino acid sequence of the various proteins found in cells. 
D)  The bases that make up DNA are associated by hydrogen bonds. 
A)  There is complementarity in the genetic code A is complementary to T, and C is complementary to G). 
B)  The machinery involved in DNA synthesis is analogous to the telegraph equipment used in sending Morse code. 
C)  The bases of DNA code for the more complex amino acid sequence of the various proteins found in cells. 
D)  The bases that make up DNA are associated by hydrogen bonds.

Question 8

Genotype is to as phenotype is to .

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity; DNA base sequence 
B)  DNA base sequence; amino acid sequence 
C)  gene regulation; translation 
D)  transcription; amino acid sequence 
A)  heredity; DNA base sequence 
B)  DNA base sequence; amino acid sequence 
C)  gene regulation; translation 
D)  transcription; amino acid sequence

Question 9

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation

Accepted Answer

A)  is a reading frame mutation. 
B)  is a missense mutation. 
C)  usually has no effect on the function of the protein. 
D)  is a silent mutation. 
E)  is a nonsense mutation. 
A)  is a reading frame mutation. 
B)  is a missense mutation. 
C)  usually has no effect on the function of the protein. 
D)  is a silent mutation. 
E)  is a nonsense mutation.

Question 10

Figure 16.2
-Refer to Figure 16.2. A branched metabolic pathway synthesizes two related amino acids D and F). If there is a genetic defect, resulting in a nonfunctional enzyme 3), how could you ensure that adequate amounts of the amino acid F are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add enzyme 2 to the medium. 
B)  Supplement intermediate C. 
C)  Supplement intermediate B. 
D)  Supplement with intermediate E. 
A)  Add enzyme 2 to the medium. 
B)  Supplement intermediate C. 
C)  Supplement intermediate B. 
D)  Supplement with intermediate E.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomal RNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  amino acids 
A)  ribosomal RNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  amino acids

Question 12

When is a single base substitution mutation least likely to be deleterious?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the base change results in an amino acid substitution at the active site of an enzyme 
B)  when the base change results in an amino acid substitution that alters the tertiary structure of the protein 
C)  when the single base change results in a stop codon 
D)  when the single base change results in a codon that specifies the same amino acid as the original codon 
A)  when the base change results in an amino acid substitution at the active site of an enzyme 
B)  when the base change results in an amino acid substitution that alters the tertiary structure of the protein 
C)  when the single base change results in a stop codon 
D)  when the single base change results in a codon that specifies the same amino acid as the original codon

Question 13

Which of the following findings violated the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

A)  the discovery of ribozymes 
B)  the discovery of RNA viruses that synthesize DNA using reverse transcriptase 
C)  he discovery that the Archaea and Bacteria are more distantly related than Achaea and Eukarya 
D)  the discovery of DNA as the unit of genetic inheritance 
A)  the discovery of ribozymes 
B)  the discovery of RNA viruses that synthesize DNA using reverse transcriptase 
C)  he discovery that the Archaea and Bacteria are more distantly related than Achaea and Eukarya 
D)  the discovery of DNA as the unit of genetic inheritance

Question 14

Which molecule carries the message from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the code is translated?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA 
A)  tRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA

Question 15

Figure 16.4
-Codons, the three base sequences that code for specific amino acids, are part of

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  tRNA. 
A)  protein. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  tRNA.

Question 16

Use the figure to answer the following questions).
   Figure 16.5
-Refer to Figure 16.5. If you had an mRNA for which the codons were read beginning from the start codon, which acids would be added in order)?
5' UCUGAUGGGCUUU… 3'

Accepted Answer

A)  lysine, alanine, aspartic acid 
B)  threonine, methionine, glycine 
C)  methionine, valine, glycine, phenylalanine 
D)  methionine, glycine, phenylalanine 
E)  serine, aspartic acid, glycine, leucine 
A)  lysine, alanine, aspartic acid 
B)  threonine, methionine, glycine 
C)  methionine, valine, glycine, phenylalanine 
D)  methionine, glycine, phenylalanine 
E)  serine, aspartic acid, glycine, leucine

Question 17

Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes. How are these mice most often used in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  to study DNA replication in the defective genes those that have been altered) 
B)  to examine defects in DNA structure in those regions that have been altered 
C)  to determine the role of proteins coded for by those genes that are knocked out 
D)  to study the effect of radiation on DNA 
A)  to study DNA replication in the defective genes those that have been altered) 
B)  to examine defects in DNA structure in those regions that have been altered 
C)  to determine the role of proteins coded for by those genes that are knocked out 
D)  to study the effect of radiation on DNA

Question 18

Which of the following contradicts the "one- gene, one- enzyme hypothesis"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single antibody gene can code for different related proteins, depending on the splicing that takes place post- transcriptionally. 
B)  A mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein. 
C)  Alkaptonuria results when individuals lack a single enzyme involved in the catalysis of homogentisic acid. 
D)  Sickle- cell anemia results in defective hemoglobin. 
A)  A single antibody gene can code for different related proteins, depending on the splicing that takes place post- transcriptionally. 
B)  A mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein. 
C)  Alkaptonuria results when individuals lack a single enzyme involved in the catalysis of homogentisic acid. 
D)  Sickle- cell anemia results in defective hemoglobin.

Question 19

Use the figure to answer the following questions).
   Figure 16.5
-Refer to Figure 16.5. Transfer RNA contains the anticodon XXX three- base sequence that is complementary to the mRNA codon). tRNA with which anticodon would transport phenylalanine to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  CCC 
B)  TTT 
C)  UUU 
D)  AAA 
A)  CCC 
B)  TTT 
C)  UUU 
D)  AAA

Question 20

Figure 16.2
-Refer to Figure 16.2. In the branched metabolic pathway, if enzyme 1 is defective, you might expect to see an increase in the amount of which intermediate/product?

Accepted Answer

A)  F 
B)  E 
C)  D 
D)  A 
A)  F 
B)  E 
C)  D 
D)  A

Exam 16: How Genes Work

Figure 16.4 -Given the DNA template shown above, which of the following bases would you find in a complementary RNA strand?

Beadle discovered that metabolic pathways are studied most effectively using which of the following techniques?

In the process of transcription,

What molecule serves as a link between the information- containing macromolecule, DNA, and protein synthesis?

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?

In the Morse code, a series of dots and dashes code for letters of the alphabet. How is this analogous to the genetic code?

Genotype is to as phenotype is to .

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation

Figure 16.2 -Refer to Figure 16.2. A branched metabolic pathway synthesizes two related amino acids D and F). If there is a genetic defect, resulting in a nonfunctional enzyme 3), how could you ensure that adequate amounts of the amino acid F are synthesized?

Which of the following is NOT synthesized from a DNA template?

When is a single base substitution mutation least likely to be deleterious?

Which of the following findings violated the central dogma?

Which molecule carries the message from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the code is translated?

Figure 16.4 -Codons, the three base sequences that code for specific amino acids, are part of

Use the figure to answer the following questions). Figure 16.5 -Refer to Figure 16.5. If you had an mRNA for which the codons were read beginning from the start codon, which acids would be added in order)? 5' UCUGAUGGGCUUU… 3'

Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes. How are these mice most often used in research?

Which of the following contradicts the "one- gene, one- enzyme hypothesis"?

Use the figure to answer the following questions). Figure 16.5 -Refer to Figure 16.5. Transfer RNA contains the anticodon XXX three- base sequence that is complementary to the mRNA codon). tRNA with which anticodon would transport phenylalanine to the ribosome?

Figure 16.2 -Refer to Figure 16.2. In the branched metabolic pathway, if enzyme 1 is defective, you might expect to see an increase in the amount of which intermediate/product?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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