Question 1

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  bone 
C)  endothermy 
D)  amniotic eggs 
E)  jaws 
A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  bone 
C)  endothermy 
D)  amniotic eggs 
E)  jaws C

Question 2

How does a swim bladder help the ray- finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
B)  It removes water from the digestive tract. 
C)  Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D)  It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
E)  It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder, which changes its density and, thus, its buoyancy. 
A)  Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
B)  It removes water from the digestive tract. 
C)  Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D)  It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
E)  It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder, which changes its density and, thus, its buoyancy. C

Question 3

With which of the following statements would a biologist be most inclined to agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans represent the pinnacle of evolution and have escaped from being affected by natural selection. 
B)  Humans and other apes are the result of disruptive selection in a species of chimpanzee. 
C)  Humans and other apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor. 
D)  Humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
E)  Humans evolved from Old World monkeys. 
A)  Humans represent the pinnacle of evolution and have escaped from being affected by natural selection. 
B)  Humans and other apes are the result of disruptive selection in a species of chimpanzee. 
C)  Humans and other apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor. 
D)  Humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
E)  Humans evolved from Old World monkeys. C

Question 4

What do all deuterostomes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus. 
B)  Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C)  All have specialized head and tail regions. 
D)  All have a spinal column. 
E)  Adults are bilaterally symmetrical. 
A)  The pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus. 
B)  Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C)  All have specialized head and tail regions. 
D)  All have a spinal column. 
E)  Adults are bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 5

The water vascular system of echinoderms

Accepted Answer

A)  functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells. 
B)  moves water through the animal's body during suspension feeding. 
C)  is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms. 
D)  functions in locomotion and feeding. 
E)  is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical. 
A)  functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells. 
B)  moves water through the animal's body during suspension feeding. 
C)  is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms. 
D)  functions in locomotion and feeding. 
E)  is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 6

The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  homology 
B)  shared ancestry 
C)  convergent evolution 
D)  evolutionary divergence 
A)  homology 
B)  shared ancestry 
C)  convergent evolution 
D)  evolutionary divergence

Question 7

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armour of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension- feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  no jaws 
B)  an amniotic egg 
C)  legs 
D)  endothermy 
E)  forebrain 
A)  no jaws 
B)  an amniotic egg 
C)  legs 
D)  endothermy 
E)  forebrain

Question 8

Suppose, while out camping in a forest, you found a chordate with a long, slender, limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent. To which of the following lineages could it belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myxinoidea 
B)  Chondrichthyes 
C)  Amphibia 
D)  Mammalia 
E)  Dipnoi 
A)  Myxinoidea 
B)  Chondrichthyes 
C)  Amphibia 
D)  Mammalia 
E)  Dipnoi

Question 9

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions).
Brown et al. and Morwood et al. reported, in 2004, that they had found skeletal remains of a previously unknown type of hom now dubbed Homo floresiensis, on the Indonesian island of Flores. These hominins were small approximately 1 m tall), with small braincases approximately 380 cmS1U1P13S1S1P0), as compared with other hominins. The remains of H. floresiensis were found alongside handmade stone tools and the remains of dwarf elephants that also inhabited the island, suggesting that H. floresiensis was able both to make tools and to coordinate the hunting of animals much larger than itself. H. floresiensis is estimated to have lived at the site where the remains were found from at least 38,000 years ago to 18,000 years ago.
-Which would be the most feasible method of figuring out to which other hominin species H. floresiensis was most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compare the type of prey hunted by H. floresiensis to that hunted by each of the other hominin species. 
B)  Compare the mitochondrial DNA of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
C)  Compare the skeletal morphology of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
D)  Compare the estimated life span of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
E)  Compare the average body size of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
A)  Compare the type of prey hunted by H. floresiensis to that hunted by each of the other hominin species. 
B)  Compare the mitochondrial DNA of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
C)  Compare the skeletal morphology of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
D)  Compare the estimated life span of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
E)  Compare the average body size of H. floresiensis to that of each other hominin species.

Question 10

If you were trying to identify an unknown adult animal that must be either an echinoderm or chordate, which morphological features) would guarantee that your organism was an echinoderm rather than a chordate?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fluid- filled vascular system 
B)  a radially symmetrical body plan 
C)  a calcium- based endoskeleton 
D)  B or C 
E)  A, B, or C 
A)  a fluid- filled vascular system 
B)  a radially symmetrical body plan 
C)  a calcium- based endoskeleton 
D)  B or C 
E)  A, B, or C

Question 11

Why do skates and rays have flattened bodies, while sharks are torpedo shaped?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sharks have a strong cartilaginous skeleton that helps them maintain a tubular shape, while skates and rays lack such a skeleton. 
B)  Skates and rays exchange gases across their skin and, thus, require a high surface- area- to- volume ratio, while sharks use gills to respire. 
C)  Sharks are more closely related to the tubelike lampreys than skates and rays are. 
D)  Skates and rays need enlarged pectoral fins to help them stay level in turbulent water, while sharks do not. 
E)  Sharks are streamlined for active hunting, while skates and rays wait on the ocean bed to ambush prey. 
A)  Sharks have a strong cartilaginous skeleton that helps them maintain a tubular shape, while skates and rays lack such a skeleton. 
B)  Skates and rays exchange gases across their skin and, thus, require a high surface- area- to- volume ratio, while sharks use gills to respire. 
C)  Sharks are more closely related to the tubelike lampreys than skates and rays are. 
D)  Skates and rays need enlarged pectoral fins to help them stay level in turbulent water, while sharks do not. 
E)  Sharks are streamlined for active hunting, while skates and rays wait on the ocean bed to ambush prey.

Question 12

Which one of these groups does not belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

Accepted Answer

A)  sea urchins 
B)  basket stars 
C)  lancelets 
D)  sand dollars 
E)  sea cucumber 
A)  sea urchins 
B)  basket stars 
C)  lancelets 
D)  sand dollars 
E)  sea cucumber

Question 13

What group of mammals have a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, b) young that feed on milk, and c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eutheria 
B)  Monotremata 
C)  Marsupiala 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Eutheria 
B)  Monotremata 
C)  Marsupiala 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in distinguishing between a hagfish and a lamprey?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence or absence of fins 
B)  feeding tactics 
C)  presence or absence of a rasping tongue 
D)  presence or absence of cartilage along a dorsal hollow nerve cord 
E)  All of the above would be helpful in distinguishing these two groups. 
A)  presence or absence of fins 
B)  feeding tactics 
C)  presence or absence of a rasping tongue 
D)  presence or absence of cartilage along a dorsal hollow nerve cord 
E)  All of the above would be helpful in distinguishing these two groups.

Question 15

Primate evolution and behaviour-such as hunting skills-has been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  diurnal activity 
B)  movement of the eyes to the front of the head 
C)  the formation of compound eyes 
D)  a larger brain 
A)  diurnal activity 
B)  movement of the eyes to the front of the head 
C)  the formation of compound eyes 
D)  a larger brain

Question 16

In what respect do humans differ from all other anthropoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of a tail 
B)  diurnal activity 
C)  bipedal posture 
D)  opposable thumbs 
E)  eyes on the front of the face 
A)  lack of a tail 
B)  diurnal activity 
C)  bipedal posture 
D)  opposable thumbs 
E)  eyes on the front of the face

Question 17

When bone first evolved in vertebrates, what structure did it form?

Accepted Answer

A)  a jaw 
B)  a vertebrae 
C)  a skull 
D)  an endoskeleton 
E)  an exoskeleton 
A)  a jaw 
B)  a vertebrae 
C)  a skull 
D)  an endoskeleton 
E)  an exoskeleton

Question 18

Which characteristic is common to all the major reptilian lineages Testudinia, Lepidosauria, Crocodilia, or Aves)?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of a notochord 
B)  ectothermy 
C)  presence of teeth 
D)  presence of limbs 
E)  all of the above 
A)  presence of a notochord 
B)  ectothermy 
C)  presence of teeth 
D)  presence of limbs 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

Which of the following groups is classified as Homo sapiens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cro- Magnons 
B)  Australopithecus 
C)  Neanderthals 
D)  Paranthropus 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Cro- Magnons 
B)  Australopithecus 
C)  Neanderthals 
D)  Paranthropus 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest, which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned about in the habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  sea cucumbers 
B)  sand dollars 
C)  sea stars 
D)  brittle stars 
E)  sea urchins 
A)  sea cucumbers 
B)  sand dollars 
C)  sea stars 
D)  brittle stars 
E)  sea urchins

Exam 32: Deuterostome Animals

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

How does a swim bladder help the ray- finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

With which of the following statements would a biologist be most inclined to agree?

What do all deuterostomes have in common?

The water vascular system of echinoderms

The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of which of the following?

Suppose, while out camping in a forest, you found a chordate with a long, slender, limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent. To which of the following lineages could it belong?

If you were trying to identify an unknown adult animal that must be either an echinoderm or chordate, which morphological features) would guarantee that your organism was an echinoderm rather than a chordate?

Why do skates and rays have flattened bodies, while sharks are torpedo shaped?

Which one of these groups does not belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

What group of mammals have a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, b) young that feed on milk, and c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in distinguishing between a hagfish and a lamprey?

Primate evolution and behaviour-such as hunting skills-has been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

In what respect do humans differ from all other anthropoids?

When bone first evolved in vertebrates, what structure did it form?

Which characteristic is common to all the major reptilian lineages Testudinia, Lepidosauria, Crocodilia, or Aves)?

Which of the following groups is classified as Homo sapiens?

If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest, which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned about in the habitat?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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