Question 1

What is an essential part of alternation of generations in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis to produce gametes 
B)  meiosis to produce zygotes 
C)  fertilization to produce spores 
D)  meiosis to produce gametes 
E)  fertilization to produce gametes 
A)  mitosis to produce gametes 
B)  meiosis to produce zygotes 
C)  fertilization to produce spores 
D)  meiosis to produce gametes 
E)  fertilization to produce gametes A

Question 2

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants, what will be the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places. 
B)  Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C)  Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
D)  Plant leaves will fall off prematurely. 
E)  Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. 
A)  Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places. 
B)  Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C)  Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
D)  Plant leaves will fall off prematurely. 
E)  Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. E

Question 3

Endosperm is a major part of monocot seeds. In most dicots,

Accepted Answer

A)  endosperm never even starts to form after double fertilization. 
B)  endosperm nutrients are repackaged into the cotyledons. 
C)  endosperm replaces cotyledons in the seed. 
D)  the same thing is true; there is a substantial amount of endosperm. 
A)  endosperm never even starts to form after double fertilization. 
B)  endosperm nutrients are repackaged into the cotyledons. 
C)  endosperm replaces cotyledons in the seed. 
D)  the same thing is true; there is a substantial amount of endosperm. B

Question 4

What is the similarity between spores and gametes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made by a sporophyte. 
B)  They are produced by meiosis. 
C)  They are haploid. 
D)  They divide by mitosis. 
E)  They can fuse with another cell to form a new organism. 
A)  They are made by a sporophyte. 
B)  They are produced by meiosis. 
C)  They are haploid. 
D)  They divide by mitosis. 
E)  They can fuse with another cell to form a new organism.

Question 5

Hammer orchids resemble female thyranide wasps and release a chemical signal called pheromone to deceive male thyranide wasps and accomplish pollination. Compared to food- deceiving orchids, is it more or less likely that pollen of the hammer orchid will be transferred to the flower of the same species than to the flower of a different species?

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely 
B)  similar probability 
C)  more likely 
A)  less likely 
B)  similar probability 
C)  more likely

Question 6

Most plants are adept at asexual reproduction. What is the probable explanation for the energy spent for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction produces robust clones that are able to withstand disease. 
B)  Sexual reproduction is a sign of good health of the organism. 
C)  Sexual reproduction ensures that the same genes will be passed on to offspring. 
D)  Sexual reproduction mixes up genes, contributing to variation in a species. 
A)  Sexual reproduction produces robust clones that are able to withstand disease. 
B)  Sexual reproduction is a sign of good health of the organism. 
C)  Sexual reproduction ensures that the same genes will be passed on to offspring. 
D)  Sexual reproduction mixes up genes, contributing to variation in a species.

Question 7

ABC model of flower development
-The ABC genes ,in Arabidopsis are considered homeotic genes. What could be a reason for this classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each gene codes for regulatory transcription factors. 
B)  Each of the three genes codes for a different flower organ. 
C)  Each gene codes for proteins similar to Hox genes in mice. 
D)  Each gene is similar in sequence to homeotic genes in Drosophila. 
A)  Each gene codes for regulatory transcription factors. 
B)  Each of the three genes codes for a different flower organ. 
C)  Each gene codes for proteins similar to Hox genes in mice. 
D)  Each gene is similar in sequence to homeotic genes in Drosophila.

Question 8

If a hypocotyl does not elongate during seed germination and early seedling growth, where will the cotyledons be?

Accepted Answer

A)  aboveground and above the seed 
B)  in the ground with the seed coat 
C)  aboveground and below the seed 
A)  aboveground and above the seed 
B)  in the ground with the seed coat 
C)  aboveground and below the seed

Question 9

The MONOPTEROS gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein that is similar in its function to which animal protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  keratin in human embryos 
B)  Bicoid in fruit fly embryos 
C)  MyoD in frog embryos 
A)  keratin in human embryos 
B)  Bicoid in fruit fly embryos 
C)  MyoD in frog embryos

Question 10

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land in order to form 50 mature seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  100 
D)  It is impossible to tell. 
A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  100 
D)  It is impossible to tell.

Question 11

Charles Darwin experimented with reactions of grass seedlings monocots) relative to applied auxin a plant hormone) and light. He used the youngest seedlings with a structure that dicots do not have. What is the name of that structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  seed coat 
B)  cotyledons 
C)  radicle 
D)  coleoptile 
A)  seed coat 
B)  cotyledons 
C)  radicle 
D)  coleoptile

Question 12

Gardeners purchase packets of seeds that are put in the ground and germinate. Native plant seeds usually need a scarification treatment or a real or simulated winter stratification), some seeds need light, and others need a smoke treatment. What do these adaptations to the environmental conditions reveal about where the plants grow?

Accepted Answer

Commercial seeds have been selected for

Question 13

Which of the following correctly identifies the function of the flower part named?

Accepted Answer

A)  Petals attract seed- dispersing animals. 
B)  Sepals protect the flower bud. 
C)  The carpel attracts pollinators. 
D)  The ovule produces carpels. 
E)  The stigma produces pollen. 
A)  Petals attract seed- dispersing animals. 
B)  Sepals protect the flower bud. 
C)  The carpel attracts pollinators. 
D)  The ovule produces carpels. 
E)  The stigma produces pollen.

Question 14

Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on a stigma, and 50 mature seeds are formed in the fruit. What does this indicate about the pollination process and success?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 50 polar nuclei 
B)  50% success: evidently, only 50 sperm pollinated 50 anthers 
C)  50% success: 100 pollen grains grew to 50 ovules, and double fertilization occurred 
D)  50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 100 polar nuclei 
A)  50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 50 polar nuclei 
B)  50% success: evidently, only 50 sperm pollinated 50 anthers 
C)  50% success: 100 pollen grains grew to 50 ovules, and double fertilization occurred 
D)  50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 100 polar nuclei

Question 15

After double fertilization in angiosperms, what development sequence is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The entire carpel dries up and falls off the plant. 
B)  The embryo in the seed develops into endosperm. 
C)  The ovule becomes the fruit. 
D)  The ovary wall becomes the fruit. 
A)  The entire carpel dries up and falls off the plant. 
B)  The embryo in the seed develops into endosperm. 
C)  The ovule becomes the fruit. 
D)  The ovary wall becomes the fruit.

Question 16

Within which structure does meiosis and spore production occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  gametangia 
B)  sporangia 
C)  embryo 
D)  zygote 
E)  filament 
A)  gametangia 
B)  sporangia 
C)  embryo 
D)  zygote 
E)  filament

Question 17

During self- fertilization, which of the following is absent?

Accepted Answer

A)  less genetically diverse offspring 
B)  formation of gametes 
C)  transfer of pollen from one plant to the other 
D)  pollination 
E)  transfer of pollen from anther to stigma 
A)  less genetically diverse offspring 
B)  formation of gametes 
C)  transfer of pollen from one plant to the other 
D)  pollination 
E)  transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Question 18

The sperm and egg each contribute 50% of the nuclear genetic material to the zygote that becomes the embryo and the new plant. Mitochondria and plastids that become chloroplasts are passed primarily from the female parent. What feature of the male or female gametophytes accounts for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meiosis is not involved in the formation of the female gametophyte. 
B)  The female gametophyte is larger and formed from one surviving megaspore. 
C)  The female gametophyte is small and mobile and can pack a lot of cytoplasm into a tiny space. 
D)  The male gametophyte is formed in the anthers. 
A)  Meiosis is not involved in the formation of the female gametophyte. 
B)  The female gametophyte is larger and formed from one surviving megaspore. 
C)  The female gametophyte is small and mobile and can pack a lot of cytoplasm into a tiny space. 
D)  The male gametophyte is formed in the anthers.

Question 19

How are the life cycles of liverworts and angiosperms alike?

Accepted Answer

A)  In both groups, the sporophyte produces spores. 
B)  In both groups, the gametophyte is smaller than the sporophyte. 
C)  In both groups, the sporophyte is the dominant generation. 
D)  In both groups, the gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
E)  In both groups, the sporophyte is smaller than the gametophyte. 
A)  In both groups, the sporophyte produces spores. 
B)  In both groups, the gametophyte is smaller than the sporophyte. 
C)  In both groups, the sporophyte is the dominant generation. 
D)  In both groups, the gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
E)  In both groups, the sporophyte is smaller than the gametophyte.

Question 20

Male gametophytes are derived from which of the following via mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  microsporocytes 
B)  microspores 
C)  pollen grains 
D)  spores 
E)  macrospores 
A)  microsporocytes 
B)  microspores 
C)  pollen grains 
D)  spores 
E)  macrospores

Exam 38: Plant Reproduction and Development

What is an essential part of alternation of generations in plants?

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants, what will be the likely result?

Endosperm is a major part of monocot seeds. In most dicots,

What is the similarity between spores and gametes?

Most plants are adept at asexual reproduction. What is the probable explanation for the energy spent for sexual reproduction?

ABC model of flower development -The ABC genes ,in Arabidopsis are considered homeotic genes. What could be a reason for this classification?

If a hypocotyl does not elongate during seed germination and early seedling growth, where will the cotyledons be?

The MONOPTEROS gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein that is similar in its function to which animal protein?

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land in order to form 50 mature seeds?

Charles Darwin experimented with reactions of grass seedlings monocots) relative to applied auxin a plant hormone) and light. He used the youngest seedlings with a structure that dicots do not have. What is the name of that structure?

Which of the following correctly identifies the function of the flower part named?

Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on a stigma, and 50 mature seeds are formed in the fruit. What does this indicate about the pollination process and success?

After double fertilization in angiosperms, what development sequence is correct?

Within which structure does meiosis and spore production occur?

During self- fertilization, which of the following is absent?

The sperm and egg each contribute 50% of the nuclear genetic material to the zygote that becomes the embryo and the new plant. Mitochondria and plastids that become chloroplasts are passed primarily from the female parent. What feature of the male or female gametophytes accounts for this?

How are the life cycles of liverworts and angiosperms alike?

Male gametophytes are derived from which of the following via mitosis?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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