Question 1

What is the major goal of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  produce ATP 
B)  reduce an electron acceptor molecule 
C)  supply cell with fixed carbon 
D)  generate O2 
E)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  produce ATP 
B)  reduce an electron acceptor molecule 
C)  supply cell with fixed carbon 
D)  generate O2 
E)  All of the above answers apply. A

Question 2

While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria, but not Archaea or Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unicellular. 
B)  The organism does not have nucleus. 
C)  Its cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan. 
D)  It can survive at a temperature over 100°C. 
A)  It is unicellular. 
B)  The organism does not have nucleus. 
C)  Its cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan. 
D)  It can survive at a temperature over 100°C. C

Question 3

Bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrification 
B)  denitrification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  decomposition 
E)  all of the above 
A)  nitrification 
B)  denitrification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  decomposition 
E)  all of the above E

Question 4

What are the chemicals secreted by soil fungi that inhibit the growth of bacteria known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics 
B)  hallucinogens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  aflatoxins 
E)  antigens 
A)  antibiotics 
B)  hallucinogens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  aflatoxins 
E)  antigens

Question 5

An organic solvent widely used in industrial processes-1,1,1- trichloroethane TCA)-is a major environmental pollutant affecting human health and damaging the ozone layer. Recently, researchers isolated the first bacteria able to degrade TCA. They found that the bacteria use hydrogen as an electron donor, TCA as electron acceptor, and acetate as a carbon source. Based on the preceding information, deduce the method used to isolate these bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  enrichment culture 
B)  seeding 
C)  direct sequencing 
D)  Gram staining 
A)  enrichment culture 
B)  seeding 
C)  direct sequencing 
D)  Gram staining

Question 6

Which of the following can a chemolithotrophic bacteria use as a source of energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  light 
B)  ammonia 
C)  glucose 
D)  water 
A)  light 
B)  ammonia 
C)  glucose 
D)  water

Question 7

Which of the following groups is characterized by unusual flagella contained within a structure called the outer sheath?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spirochaeles 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Euryarchaeota 
E)  Chlamydiales 
A)  Spirochaeles 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Euryarchaeota 
E)  Chlamydiales

Question 8

Which are evolutionarily more closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria and archaea 
B)  bacteria and eukarya 
C)  archaea and eukarya 
D)  Bacteria, eukarya, and archaea are equally related to each other. 
A)  bacteria and archaea 
B)  bacteria and eukarya 
C)  archaea and eukarya 
D)  Bacteria, eukarya, and archaea are equally related to each other.

Question 9

What is the characteristic feature of the Chlamydiales phylum?

Accepted Answer

A)  unusual flagella 
B)  rod shape 
C)  formation of colonies 
D)  parasitic life cycle 
E)  all of the above 
A)  unusual flagella 
B)  rod shape 
C)  formation of colonies 
D)  parasitic life cycle 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

To establish a link between a specific bacterium and a skin disease, researchers have shown that bacterium was present in sick persons but not in healthy individuals. They isolated the bacterium in a pure culture and demonstrated that experimental healthy animals injected with this culture became sick. What other experiment do researchers need to perform to be absolutely sure that the bacterium is responsible for the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium as the one used for infection. 
B)  Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage. 
C)  Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals. 
D)  Demonstrate all of the above. 
E)  No experiments need to be done, because there are enough data to establish that skin disease is caused by the investigated bacterium. 
A)  Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium as the one used for infection. 
B)  Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage. 
C)  Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals. 
D)  Demonstrate all of the above. 
E)  No experiments need to be done, because there are enough data to establish that skin disease is caused by the investigated bacterium.

Question 11

Which of the following lineages do not contain bacteria that are photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Actinobacteria 
C)  Spirochaeles 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  All of the above can perform photosynthesis. 
A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Actinobacteria 
C)  Spirochaeles 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  All of the above can perform photosynthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following describe all existing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse 
B)  small, harmful, fast- growing 
C)  pathogenic, omnipresent, morphologically diverse 
D)  extremophiles, tiny, abundant 
E)  all of the above 
A)  tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse 
B)  small, harmful, fast- growing 
C)  pathogenic, omnipresent, morphologically diverse 
D)  extremophiles, tiny, abundant 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

What do nitrogen fixation genes and antibiotic resistance genes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They exist only in parasitic proteobacteria. 
B)  They are located on the bacteria chromosome. 
C)  They evolved recently. 
D)  They spread by lateral gene transfer. 
E)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  They exist only in parasitic proteobacteria. 
B)  They are located on the bacteria chromosome. 
C)  They evolved recently. 
D)  They spread by lateral gene transfer. 
E)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 14

What do Bacteria have in common with Archaea but not with Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  unicellular structure 
B)  peptidoglycan cell walls 
C)  absence of nucleus 
D)  transcription mechanism begins with formylmethionine 
E)  all of the above 
A)  unicellular structure 
B)  peptidoglycan cell walls 
C)  absence of nucleus 
D)  transcription mechanism begins with formylmethionine 
E)  all of the above

Question 15

Figure 26.1
-Bacteria able to perform the NH4+ + NO2-  -N2 + 2H2O reaction have been discovered in laboratory bioreactors and wastewater treatment systems. Researchers predicted that these bacteria should exist in oceans. They measured the concentration of NH4+, NO2- , NO3- , and O2 in the Black Sea as a function of water depth M. Kuypers et al. 2003 Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea. Nature
422:608- 11) to determine where in the sea the bacteria might live. Analyzing data presented in Figure 26.1 above, at what depth would you expect to find the bacteria? Note: In the figure, different scales are used to show concentrations of NH4+, NO2- , NO3- , and O2.)

Accepted Answer

A)  in the top 5 metres 
B)  below 100 metres 
C)  in the top 50 metres 
D)  at a depth of 92 metres 
E)  at a depth of 75 metres 
A)  in the top 5 metres 
B)  below 100 metres 
C)  in the top 50 metres 
D)  at a depth of 92 metres 
E)  at a depth of 75 metres

Question 16

You have decided to grow E. coli to isolate a specific enzyme. For your experiment, which of the following conditions would enable you to grow a maximum amount of bacteria in the shortest time possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  growing in suspension culture at 37°C 
B)  growing in suspension culture at 25°C 
C)  growing on agar plates at 25°C 
D)  As long as you grow bacteria at 25°C, it does not matter if they are grown on agar plates or in suspension culture. 
E)  growing on agar plates at 37°C 
A)  growing in suspension culture at 37°C 
B)  growing in suspension culture at 25°C 
C)  growing on agar plates at 25°C 
D)  As long as you grow bacteria at 25°C, it does not matter if they are grown on agar plates or in suspension culture. 
E)  growing on agar plates at 37°C

Question 17

While examining soil from a cornfield, you found a new type of bacteria that turns purple when treated with Gram stain. What lineage might it belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Chlamydiales 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Spirochaeles 
E)  Cyanobacteria 
A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Chlamydiales 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Spirochaeles 
E)  Cyanobacteria

Question 18

A newly discovered organism is found to use hydrogen sulfide H2S) for aerobic respiration and carbon dioxide CO2) from the air as a source of carbon, much like a plant. This organism must be a

Accepted Answer

A)  chemolithoautotroph. 
B)  chemolithotrophic heterotroph. 
C)  photoautotroph. 
D)  chemoorganoautotroph. 
E)  photoheterotroph. 
A)  chemolithoautotroph. 
B)  chemolithotrophic heterotroph. 
C)  photoautotroph. 
D)  chemoorganoautotroph. 
E)  photoheterotroph.

Question 19

Imagine that you are given some chemoorganotrophic bacteria to grow. What should you use as a source of energy for this type of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  light 
B)  sugar 
C)  ammonia 
D)  methane 
E)  any of the above 
A)  light 
B)  sugar 
C)  ammonia 
D)  methane 
E)  any of the above

Question 20

Microbiologists use the Gram stain to aid in identification of bacteria. What is the major difference between Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall 
B)  presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall 
C)  presence or absence of outer membrane 
D)  structure of the lipids in the plasma membrane 
A)  presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall 
B)  presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall 
C)  presence or absence of outer membrane 
D)  structure of the lipids in the plasma membrane

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea

What is the major goal of cellular respiration?

While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria, but not Archaea or Eukarya?

Bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle through which mechanism?

What are the chemicals secreted by soil fungi that inhibit the growth of bacteria known as?

Which of the following can a chemolithotrophic bacteria use as a source of energy?

Which of the following groups is characterized by unusual flagella contained within a structure called the outer sheath?

Which are evolutionarily more closely related?

What is the characteristic feature of the Chlamydiales phylum?

Which of the following lineages do not contain bacteria that are photosynthetic?

Which of the following describe all existing bacteria?

What do nitrogen fixation genes and antibiotic resistance genes have in common?

What do Bacteria have in common with Archaea but not with Eukarya?

You have decided to grow E. coli to isolate a specific enzyme. For your experiment, which of the following conditions would enable you to grow a maximum amount of bacteria in the shortest time possible?

While examining soil from a cornfield, you found a new type of bacteria that turns purple when treated with Gram stain. What lineage might it belong to?

A newly discovered organism is found to use hydrogen sulfide H2S) for aerobic respiration and carbon dioxide CO2) from the air as a source of carbon, much like a plant. This organism must be a

Imagine that you are given some chemoorganotrophic bacteria to grow. What should you use as a source of energy for this type of bacteria?

Microbiologists use the Gram stain to aid in identification of bacteria. What is the major difference between Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

A newly discovered organism is found to use hydrogen sulfide H₂S) for aerobic respiration and carbon dioxide CO₂) from the air as a source of carbon, much like a plant. This organism must be a