Question 1

What is the difference between NAD+ and NADP+?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain ET
C)  found on the inner mitochondrial membrane, but NADP+ transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher energy level. 
B)  Both function as electron carriers, but NADP+ has a phosphate group and NAD+ does not. 
C)  NAD+ functions as a free energy source for cells, whereas NADP+ does not. 
D)  NAD+ functions as an electron transporter, whereas NADP+ does not. 
A)  Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain ET
C)  found on the inner mitochondrial membrane, but NADP+ transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher energy level. 
B)  Both function as electron carriers, but NADP+ has a phosphate group and NAD+ does not. 
C)  NAD+ functions as a free energy source for cells, whereas NADP+ does not. 
D)  NAD+ functions as an electron transporter, whereas NADP+ does not. B

Question 2

Photorespiration

Accepted Answer

A)  generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
B)  generates ATP and sugars and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  generates oxygen and ATP, and consumes sugars and carbon dioxide. 
D)  generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars. 
E)  consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen. 
A)  generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
B)  generates ATP and sugars and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  generates oxygen and ATP, and consumes sugars and carbon dioxide. 
D)  generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars. 
E)  consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen. A

Question 3

How does carbon fixation differ between C3 and C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  C4 plants undergo carbon fixation by carboxylation of a four- carbon substrate oxaloacetate), while in C3 plants, a three- carbon compound phosphoglycerate) is carboxylated. 
B)  C3 plants don't undergo photorespiration, but C4 plants do. 
C)  Both C3 and C4 plants involve carboxylation of ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate by rubisco; but in C3, the first stable intermediate is 3- phosphoglycerate, and in C4, it is oxaloacetate. 
D)  Rubisco is the primary enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in C3 plants, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase can catalyze carbon fixation in C4 plants. 
A)  C4 plants undergo carbon fixation by carboxylation of a four- carbon substrate oxaloacetate), while in C3 plants, a three- carbon compound phosphoglycerate) is carboxylated. 
B)  C3 plants don't undergo photorespiration, but C4 plants do. 
C)  Both C3 and C4 plants involve carboxylation of ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate by rubisco; but in C3, the first stable intermediate is 3- phosphoglycerate, and in C4, it is oxaloacetate. 
D)  Rubisco is the primary enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in C3 plants, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase can catalyze carbon fixation in C4 plants. D

Question 4

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
B)  Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
C)  An electron is excited. 
D)  ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. 
A)  A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
B)  Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
C)  An electron is excited. 
D)  ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed.

Question 5

During a discussion of photosynthesis, you are given the following series of facts:
1) Photosystem P700 alone is involved.
2) Water- splitting is not occurring.
3) A proton gradient is created in the Thylakoid lumen.
To which of the following processes do these statements collectively refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle Citric Acid Cycle) 
B)  the Calvin cycle 
C)  linear electron transport 
D)  cyclic electron transport 
A)  the Krebs cycle Citric Acid Cycle) 
B)  the Calvin cycle 
C)  linear electron transport 
D)  cyclic electron transport

Question 6

The figure provided shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis. 
C)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
D)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
E)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light. 
A)  Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments. 
B)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis. 
C)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
D)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
E)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light.

Question 7

In the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate a five- carbon compound) is carboxylated to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  acetyl CoA two carbons) and oxaloacetate four carbons). 
C)  citric acid. 
D)  2 three- carbon compounds. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  acetyl CoA two carbons) and oxaloacetate four carbons). 
C)  citric acid. 
D)  2 three- carbon compounds.

Question 8

How are the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis related?

Accepted Answer

A)  The products of light- independent reactions must be present for light- dependent reactions to take place. 
B)  They cannot occur in the absence of light. 
C)  The products of light- dependent reactions are used in light- independent reactions. 
D)  They are not related. 
A)  The products of light- independent reactions must be present for light- dependent reactions to take place. 
B)  They cannot occur in the absence of light. 
C)  The products of light- dependent reactions are used in light- independent reactions. 
D)  They are not related.

Question 9

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B)  They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
C)  They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
D)  This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths. 
A)  Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B)  They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
C)  They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
D)  This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths.

Question 10

The absorption spectrum of a plant shows what wavelengths of light the plant absorbs. The absorption spectrum depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  wavelengths of light to which the plant's pigments respond. 
B)  the thickness of the plant's leaves. 
C)  wavelengths of light that are transmitted by the plant. 
D)  the wavelengths of light that hit the plant. 
A)  wavelengths of light to which the plant's pigments respond. 
B)  the thickness of the plant's leaves. 
C)  wavelengths of light that are transmitted by the plant. 
D)  the wavelengths of light that hit the plant.

Question 11

As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is lost as heat. 
B)  It excites electrons of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
C)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I. 
A)  It is lost as heat. 
B)  It excites electrons of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
C)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I.

Question 12

Melvin Calvin introduced radiolabeled carbon dioxide into plants. Which of the following molecules should he have expected to see radiolabeled first?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  succinate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  3- phosphoglycerate 
A)  glutamate 
B)  succinate 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  3- phosphoglycerate

Question 13

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light- dependent reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen. 
B)  have hydrophilic exterior surfaces. 
C)  are part of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
D)  are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid. 
A)  are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen. 
B)  have hydrophilic exterior surfaces. 
C)  are part of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
D)  are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid.

Question 14

Both C3 and C4 plants have the enzymes of the Calvin cycle. How are C4 plants more efficient than C3 plants at fixing carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  C4 plants fix carbon using the Calvin cycle; C3 plants use the reverse of glycolysis, a series of reactions that requires more energy in the form of ATP. 
B)  In C4 plants, carbon fixation takes place in mesophyll cells, whereas the Calvin cycle takes place in bundle- sheath cells. 
C)  Both the carbon fixation reaction and the Calvin cycle take place in mesophyll cells, but the carbon fixation reactions take place in the dark, and the Calvin cycle is light dependent. 
D)  C4 plants do not have rubisco and therefore do not undergo photorespiration. 
A)  C4 plants fix carbon using the Calvin cycle; C3 plants use the reverse of glycolysis, a series of reactions that requires more energy in the form of ATP. 
B)  In C4 plants, carbon fixation takes place in mesophyll cells, whereas the Calvin cycle takes place in bundle- sheath cells. 
C)  Both the carbon fixation reaction and the Calvin cycle take place in mesophyll cells, but the carbon fixation reactions take place in the dark, and the Calvin cycle is light dependent. 
D)  C4 plants do not have rubisco and therefore do not undergo photorespiration.

Question 15

In the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the plant cell will conduct both linear and cyclic electron transport. This is needed because

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are accepted by ferrodoxin during electron transport and without this, ATP synthesis would not occur. 
B)  linear electron transport processes do not absorb enough light to allow for the synthesis of ATP. 
C)  more NADPH is needed compared to ATP in the subsequent light independent reactions Calvin cycle). 
D)  more ATP is needed compared to NADPH in the subsequent light independent reactions Calvin cycle). 
A)  electrons are accepted by ferrodoxin during electron transport and without this, ATP synthesis would not occur. 
B)  linear electron transport processes do not absorb enough light to allow for the synthesis of ATP. 
C)  more NADPH is needed compared to ATP in the subsequent light independent reactions Calvin cycle). 
D)  more ATP is needed compared to NADPH in the subsequent light independent reactions Calvin cycle).

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE regarding photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The earliest form of photosynthetic reactions oxidized used) H2O and yielded O2. 
B)  Development of oxygenic photosynthesis led to atmospheric changes that allowed evolution of cells/organisms able to use aerobic respiration. 
C)  Some forms of photosynthesis involve oxidizing compounds such as ferrous iron or H2S. 
D)  It first appeared in ancient prokaryotes. 
A)  The earliest form of photosynthetic reactions oxidized used) H2O and yielded O2. 
B)  Development of oxygenic photosynthesis led to atmospheric changes that allowed evolution of cells/organisms able to use aerobic respiration. 
C)  Some forms of photosynthesis involve oxidizing compounds such as ferrous iron or H2S. 
D)  It first appeared in ancient prokaryotes.

Question 17

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O -NADPH - Calvin cycle 
B)  NADPH - O2 -CO2 
C)  NADPH -chlorophyll -Calvin cycle 
D)  NADPH -electron transport chain - O2 
E)  H2O -photosystem I -photosystem II 
A)  H2O -NADPH - Calvin cycle 
B)  NADPH - O2 -CO2 
C)  NADPH -chlorophyll -Calvin cycle 
D)  NADPH -electron transport chain - O2 
E)  H2O -photosystem I -photosystem II

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning chloroplasts is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have an internal membrane system known as the thylakoids. 
B)  They have outer and inner membranes. 
C)  They are unrelated to plastids. 
D)  They have their own DNA. 
A)  They have an internal membrane system known as the thylakoids. 
B)  They have outer and inner membranes. 
C)  They are unrelated to plastids. 
D)  They have their own DNA.

Question 19

The final electron acceptors) associated with photosystem I is

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP+. 
B)  hydrogen ions. 
C)  pheophytin. 
D)  oxygen. 
A)  NADP+. 
B)  hydrogen ions. 
C)  pheophytin. 
D)  oxygen.

Question 20

Chlorophylls absorb light in which colours of the visible range?

Accepted Answer

A)  blue and red 
B)  orange and blue 
C)  green and red 
D)  green and blue 
A)  blue and red 
B)  orange and blue 
C)  green and red 
D)  green and blue

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

What is the difference between NAD+ and NADP+?

Photorespiration

How does carbon fixation differ between C3 and C4 plants?

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

During a discussion of photosynthesis, you are given the following series of facts: 1) Photosystem P700 alone is involved. 2) Water- splitting is not occurring. 3) A proton gradient is created in the Thylakoid lumen. To which of the following processes do these statements collectively refer?

The figure provided shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

In the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate a five- carbon compound) is carboxylated to produce

How are the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis related?

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

The absorption spectrum of a plant shows what wavelengths of light the plant absorbs. The absorption spectrum depends on

As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?

Melvin Calvin introduced radiolabeled carbon dioxide into plants. Which of the following molecules should he have expected to see radiolabeled first?

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light- dependent reactions

Both C3 and C4 plants have the enzymes of the Calvin cycle. How are C4 plants more efficient than C3 plants at fixing carbon?

In the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the plant cell will conduct both linear and cyclic electron transport. This is needed because

Which of the following is FALSE regarding photosynthesis?

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Which of the following statements concerning chloroplasts is FALSE?

The final electron acceptors) associated with photosystem I is

Chlorophylls absorb light in which colours of the visible range?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

What is the difference between NAD⁺and NADP⁺?

How does carbon fixation differ between C₃and C₄plants?

Both C₃and C₄plants have the enzymes of the Calvin cycle. How are C₄plants more efficient than C₃plants at fixing carbon?