Exam 39: Animal Form and Function

You are a doctor and you are given the files of two patients who are identical twin brothers: Patient #1: 25 year old male, 30% muscle mass, 70% fat content, 37 degrees C internal temperature Patient #2: 25 year old male, 70 % muscle mass, 30% fat content, 37 degrees C internal temperature If you are told that both patients are equally active and are completely healthy, which of the following assumptions can we make regarding the metabolic rates of the brothers?

An elephant and a mouse are both running in full sunlight, and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures. When they move into the shade and rest, which animal will cool down faster?

What is the stratified epithelium composed of?

Natural selection involves energetic trade- offs between which of the following?

You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels?

Multicellular organisms are limited by size and, thus, ways to increase surface area of a structure are often advantageous. Which of the following pairs of words best describes ways to increase the surface area of a structure?

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the physiological response of acclimatization?

What is the main reason that a person sitting on the beach with an air temperature of 15°C loses heat less rapidly than when immersed in lake water at 15°C?

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles a small mouse- like mammal). Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology?

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Which one of the following is not a good strategy for increasing the surface area relative to the volume?

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this trend?

How do the epithelial tissues covering organisms contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Structure- function correlations exist throughout nature at all levels of organization, from the cellular level to systems level. Keeping this in mind, you visualize a cell under a microscope and it contains a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What might you hypothesize the primary function of the cell to be?

Epithelial cells have multiple functions. They may have different structures on one of their surfaces compared to their opposite surface. What property of these cells allows them to undergo these various functions?

Epithelial tissues have polarity, with an apical side that faces the environment and a basolateral side that faces the interior of the animal. Because of the harsh environmental exposure on the apical side, epithelial cells have a short life span of 2- 6 days. Which of the following is the most likely reason that the tissue as a whole does not wear away, despite the short life spans of the cells?

What does the large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitate?

Which of the following statements comparing endotherms and ectotherms is FALSE?