Question 1

Homing pigeons' ability to always return to their home, no matter where they are released, is an excellent example of

Accepted Answer

A)  compass orientation. 
B)  true navigation. 
C)  piloting. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  compass orientation. 
B)  true navigation. 
C)  piloting. 
D)  all of the above. B

Question 2

You observe scrub jays hiding food and notice that one particular individual only pretends to hide food. Your experiments associate the presence of other siblings with the frequency of pretending to cache food. A colleague shows you animals of the same species that do not perform this pretend caching. How does this information affect your conclusions about this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  It suggests that your experimental design is flawed. 
B)  It prevents you from making conclusions. 
C)  It suggests that this behaviour might be learned. 
D)  It does not affect anything. 
A)  It suggests that your experimental design is flawed. 
B)  It prevents you from making conclusions. 
C)  It suggests that this behaviour might be learned. 
D)  It does not affect anything. C

Question 3

In testing a hypothesis that "territorial defence in European robins is a fixed action pattern that is released by the sight of orange feathers," researchers found that robins defended their territory by attacking anything that was of similar size and had an orange patch. How would you show that it was indeed colour that initiated the defence responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeat the experiment removing the orange patch. 
B)  Repeat the experiment using other shapes. 
C)  Repeat the experiment with giant specimens. 
D)  Repeat the experiment using live specimens. 
A)  Repeat the experiment removing the orange patch. 
B)  Repeat the experiment using other shapes. 
C)  Repeat the experiment with giant specimens. 
D)  Repeat the experiment using live specimens. A

Question 4

A pied kingfisher in its first year of life helps in the feeding of three full siblings that would not have survived without the helper's efforts. What is its indirect fitness in its first year?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.50 
B)  0.75 
C)  1.00 
D)  0.25 
E)  1.50 
A)  0.50 
B)  0.75 
C)  1.00 
D)  0.25 
E)  1.50

Question 5

What was the main reason the honeybees would switch from the "round dance" to the "waggle dance"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original food source was exhausted. 
B)  The ratio of females to males in the hive shifted. 
C)  The preferred food source was farther away. 
D)  An intruder approached the hive. 
A)  The original food source was exhausted. 
B)  The ratio of females to males in the hive shifted. 
C)  The preferred food source was farther away. 
D)  An intruder approached the hive.

Question 6

How would you classify the genetic basis for most behavioural traits in the animal kingdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many genes typically code for one behaviour. 
B)  Behaviours are learned, not coded by genes. 
C)  One gene typically codes for one behaviour. 
D)  One gene typically codes for many behaviours. 
A)  Many genes typically code for one behaviour. 
B)  Behaviours are learned, not coded by genes. 
C)  One gene typically codes for one behaviour. 
D)  One gene typically codes for many behaviours.

Question 7

Which would be the best way to obtain evidence of a bird's cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  In captivity, have the bird solve problems like those it would face in the wild. 
B)  In captivity, have the bird attempt to solve novel problems. 
C)  Observe the bird solving problems in the wild. 
D)  All of the above would obtain equal evidence toward thinking ability. 
A)  In captivity, have the bird solve problems like those it would face in the wild. 
B)  In captivity, have the bird attempt to solve novel problems. 
C)  Observe the bird solving problems in the wild. 
D)  All of the above would obtain equal evidence toward thinking ability.

Question 8

You observe scrub jays hiding food and notice that one particular individual only pretends to hide food. What kind of experiment could you perform to test whether this was random or in response to another signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attempt to reproduce the behaviour in captivity by using bird models and a computer simulation. 
B)  Hypothesize a set of signals that could produce this behaviour and try to match the behaviours with the signals. 
C)  Observe more of these behaviours in the wild and try to determine if the behaviour is random. 
D)  All of the above would be excellent experiments. 
A)  Attempt to reproduce the behaviour in captivity by using bird models and a computer simulation. 
B)  Hypothesize a set of signals that could produce this behaviour and try to match the behaviours with the signals. 
C)  Observe more of these behaviours in the wild and try to determine if the behaviour is random. 
D)  All of the above would be excellent experiments.

Question 9

With regard to understanding the evolution of cooperation, what is the principal prediction that can be made from the expression Br > C?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection will favour cooperation among close relatives. 
B)  Cooperation evolves because it benefits all members of a species. 
C)  Natural selection will favour cooperation among any individuals. 
D)  Cooperation evolves because it enhances the species' fitness. 
E)  Selection favours self- sacrifice in reproduction. 
A)  Natural selection will favour cooperation among close relatives. 
B)  Cooperation evolves because it benefits all members of a species. 
C)  Natural selection will favour cooperation among any individuals. 
D)  Cooperation evolves because it enhances the species' fitness. 
E)  Selection favours self- sacrifice in reproduction.

Question 10

How could you test whether male dewlaps a colourful flap of skin hanging from an anole lizard's throat) were an important cue for female egg production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remove dewlaps from courting males and measure corresponding female egg production. 
B)  Relate size of male dewlap to female dewlap. 
C)  Remove dewlaps from females and measure corresponding egg production. 
D)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  Remove dewlaps from courting males and measure corresponding female egg production. 
B)  Relate size of male dewlap to female dewlap. 
C)  Remove dewlaps from females and measure corresponding egg production. 
D)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 11

Lobsters can navigate back home at night using Earth's magnetic field. Is this statement a proximate cause or an ultimate cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximate cause 
B)  ultimate cause 
A)  proximate cause 
B)  ultimate cause

Question 12

You observe a species of bird that, upon hatching, has contact with its parents only while being fed. You also never hear the parents sing during the feeding process. What would you propose about song learning in this species of bird?

Accepted Answer

A)  Song learning in this species is most likely innate. 
B)  Song learning in this species is most likely learned. 
C)  This species does not hear. 
D)  The period of imprinting is likely later in the bird's life. 
A)  Song learning in this species is most likely innate. 
B)  Song learning in this species is most likely learned. 
C)  This species does not hear. 
D)  The period of imprinting is likely later in the bird's life.

Question 13

(a) $\text {Rates of child homicide in families with only biological parents}$

(b) $\text {Rates of child homicide in families with a stepparent}$
 
 Figure 50.5
-Which of the following has greatest coefficient of relatedness?

Accepted Answer

A)  black bear siblings 
B)  tiger siblings 
C)  worker honey bees 
D)  human fraternal twins 
A)  black bear siblings 
B)  tiger siblings 
C)  worker honey bees 
D)  human fraternal twins

Question 14

The recognition and manipulation of facts about the world is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  learning. 
D)  imprinting. 
A)  conditioning. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  learning. 
D)  imprinting.

Question 15

Figure 50.3
-What does the figure above show about the nature of the "waggle dance"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The waggle dance is random in relation to the food source. 
B)  The direction of the waggle dance indicates the location of the hive relative to the Sun. 
C)  The vigor of the waggle dance indicates the location of the food relative to the Sun. 
D)  The vigor of the waggle dance indicates the size of the food source. 
E)  The direction of the waggle dance indicates the location of the food relative to the Sun. 
A)  The waggle dance is random in relation to the food source. 
B)  The direction of the waggle dance indicates the location of the hive relative to the Sun. 
C)  The vigor of the waggle dance indicates the location of the food relative to the Sun. 
D)  The vigor of the waggle dance indicates the size of the food source. 
E)  The direction of the waggle dance indicates the location of the food relative to the Sun.

Question 16

In house sparrows Passer domesticus), it is generally found that both males and females care for the eggs and young. However, some male house sparrows do not provide parental care. In addition, it is known that young that receive parental care from both the male and female are more likely to survive to fledging leaving the nest). Which of the following activities by males that do not provide parental care would represent the most beneficial trade- off for the reduced survival of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  mating with additional females and fathering more eggs 
B)  attacking the nests of neighbouring males 
C)  grooming to eliminate parasites from their feathers 
D)  eating to build up energy stores for migration 
A)  mating with additional females and fathering more eggs 
B)  attacking the nests of neighbouring males 
C)  grooming to eliminate parasites from their feathers 
D)  eating to build up energy stores for migration

Question 17

Which one of the following examples best illustrates classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds hatching in isolation and singing their species- specific song 
B)  geese following the first thing they see upon hatching 
C)  cats seeing a mouse and chasing it 
D)  cats running into the kitchen when they hear a food can being opened 
A)  birds hatching in isolation and singing their species- specific song 
B)  geese following the first thing they see upon hatching 
C)  cats seeing a mouse and chasing it 
D)  cats running into the kitchen when they hear a food can being opened

Question 18

Figure 50.1
-In which quadrant of the figure above would bird migration be plotted?

Accepted Answer

A)  quadrant A 
B)  quadrant B 
C)  quadrant C 
D)  quadrant D 
A)  quadrant A 
B)  quadrant B 
C)  quadrant C 
D)  quadrant D

Question 19

Figure 50.2
-Which of the following conclusions is most logical based on the data above?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females produce eggs more quickly when exposed to many males. 
B)  All non- isolated females do just as well as isolated females. 
C)  Females produce more eggs more quickly when exposed to breeding males. 
D)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  Females produce eggs more quickly when exposed to many males. 
B)  All non- isolated females do just as well as isolated females. 
C)  Females produce more eggs more quickly when exposed to breeding males. 
D)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 20

It is rather easy to understand why relatives help each other in the animal kingdom-they share some of the same genes, and some self- sacrificing behaviour will help the greater sum of their genes. What would be a reason for self- sacrificing behaviour to have evolved in animals that are unrelated?

Accepted Answer

A)  This behaviour might elicit a benefit at some future point in time. 
B)  This behaviour might have aided groups of unrelated animals. 
C)  This behaviour might have arisen due to genetic drift. 
D)  Answers A and B both apply. 
E)  Answers A and C both apply. 
A)  This behaviour might elicit a benefit at some future point in time. 
B)  This behaviour might have aided groups of unrelated animals. 
C)  This behaviour might have arisen due to genetic drift. 
D)  Answers A and B both apply. 
E)  Answers A and C both apply.

Exam 50: Behavioural Ecology

Homing pigeons' ability to always return to their home, no matter where they are released, is an excellent example of

A pied kingfisher in its first year of life helps in the feeding of three full siblings that would not have survived without the helper's efforts. What is its indirect fitness in its first year?

What was the main reason the honeybees would switch from the "round dance" to the "waggle dance"?

How would you classify the genetic basis for most behavioural traits in the animal kingdom?

Which would be the best way to obtain evidence of a bird's cognitive abilities?

You observe scrub jays hiding food and notice that one particular individual only pretends to hide food. What kind of experiment could you perform to test whether this was random or in response to another signal?

With regard to understanding the evolution of cooperation, what is the principal prediction that can be made from the expression Br > C?

How could you test whether male dewlaps a colourful flap of skin hanging from an anole lizard's throat) were an important cue for female egg production?

Lobsters can navigate back home at night using Earth's magnetic field. Is this statement a proximate cause or an ultimate cause?

You observe a species of bird that, upon hatching, has contact with its parents only while being fed. You also never hear the parents sing during the feeding process. What would you propose about song learning in this species of bird?

The recognition and manipulation of facts about the world is termed

Figure 50.3 -What does the figure above show about the nature of the "waggle dance"?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates classical conditioning?

Figure 50.1 -In which quadrant of the figure above would bird migration be plotted?

Figure 50.2 -Which of the following conclusions is most logical based on the data above?

It is rather easy to understand why relatives help each other in the animal kingdom-they share some of the same genes, and some self- sacrificing behaviour will help the greater sum of their genes. What would be a reason for self- sacrificing behaviour to have evolved in animals that are unrelated?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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