Question 1

Figure 50.1
-In Figure 50.1, in which quadrant would the egg- rolling behaviour of a goose be plotted?

Accepted Answer

A)  quadrant A 
B)  quadrant B 
C)  quadrant C 
D)  quadrant D 
A)  quadrant A 
B)  quadrant B 
C)  quadrant C 
D)  quadrant D

Question 2

A lizard's bobbing dewlap a colourful flap of skin hanging from an Anolis lizard's throat) is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  signal. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  communication. 
A)  signal. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  communication.

Question 3

In red- winged blackbirds, which of the following stimuli elicited the greatest territorial defence response?

Accepted Answer

A)  playing a recording of a blackbird call in the territory 
B)  presenting both the model of a male, and playing the recording 
C)  presenting a model of a male in the territory 
D)  All of the above elicited equal responses. 
A)  playing a recording of a blackbird call in the territory 
B)  presenting both the model of a male, and playing the recording 
C)  presenting a model of a male in the territory 
D)  All of the above elicited equal responses.

Question 4

Migration in birds is guided in part by

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory cues. 
B)  day- length changes caused by latitude. 
C)  temperature changes. 
D)  celestial navigation. 
A)  olfactory cues. 
B)  day- length changes caused by latitude. 
C)  temperature changes. 
D)  celestial navigation.

Question 5

You see young spiders hatch from eggs, and, within 5 hours, they are dispersing far from their parents and forming webs. What can you hypothesize about their behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Web- building is a random behaviour. 
B)  Web- building is innate since there is no parental involvement. 
C)  Web- building is an inflexible behaviour. 
D)  Web- building is learned by observation. 
A)  Web- building is a random behaviour. 
B)  Web- building is innate since there is no parental involvement. 
C)  Web- building is an inflexible behaviour. 
D)  Web- building is learned by observation.

Question 6

Learning has the most influence on behaviour when

Accepted Answer

A)  animals have parents or other sources to learn from, and when animals have enormous cognitive ability. 
B)  making mistakes does not result in death, and when animals have parents or other sources to learn from. 
C)  making mistakes does not result in death. 
D)  animals have enormous cognitive ability. 
E)  animals have parents or other sources to learn from. 
A)  animals have parents or other sources to learn from, and when animals have enormous cognitive ability. 
B)  making mistakes does not result in death, and when animals have parents or other sources to learn from. 
C)  making mistakes does not result in death. 
D)  animals have enormous cognitive ability. 
E)  animals have parents or other sources to learn from.

Question 7

Figure 50.2
-In the figure above, do the data support the hypothesis that females need spring- like light conditions to produce mature follicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes 
B)  no 
C)  cannot be determined 
A)  yes 
B)  no 
C)  cannot be determined

Question 8

In the case of the redback spider, would males be better off, in terms of fitness, looking for another female to mate with instead of provoking his mate to eat him?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, this would increase his fitness, as it would provoke the first female to allow him to mate more, and he would get a second mating opportunity with another female. 
B)  No, this would decrease his fitness, as his first mate would expel his sperm once he left the area. 
C)  Yes, this would greatly increase his fitness, as he would be able to produce more offspring and with a variety of mates increasing the chance that some of his offspring would survive. 
D)  No, this would decrease his fitness as he would likely not find a second mate and would decrease his sperm transfer to the female he has found. 
A)  Yes, this would increase his fitness, as it would provoke the first female to allow him to mate more, and he would get a second mating opportunity with another female. 
B)  No, this would decrease his fitness, as his first mate would expel his sperm once he left the area. 
C)  Yes, this would greatly increase his fitness, as he would be able to produce more offspring and with a variety of mates increasing the chance that some of his offspring would survive. 
D)  No, this would decrease his fitness as he would likely not find a second mate and would decrease his sperm transfer to the female he has found.

Question 9

You have captured a number of rats from a wild population and quickly surmise with tests that they are very good at avoiding food with poisons. What would best explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rats may learn this behaviour from their parents or siblings. 
B)  Rats may experience a large variety of toxins in their environment and learn to avoid them. 
C)  Rats are probably just intelligent enough to avoid poison. 
D)  Rats may be able to tolerate large amounts of poison. 
A)  Rats may learn this behaviour from their parents or siblings. 
B)  Rats may experience a large variety of toxins in their environment and learn to avoid them. 
C)  Rats are probably just intelligent enough to avoid poison. 
D)  Rats may be able to tolerate large amounts of poison.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about imprinting is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imprinting only occurs on a specific colour/shape. 
B)  Imprinting is a type of learning. 
C)  Imprinting is fast and irreversible. 
D)  Imprinting only occurs during a critical period. 
A)  Imprinting only occurs on a specific colour/shape. 
B)  Imprinting is a type of learning. 
C)  Imprinting is fast and irreversible. 
D)  Imprinting only occurs during a critical period.

Question 11

Based on your knowledge of cost- benefit analysis, why would you expect some white- fronted bee- eaters to fly very far away from the nests to forage when there are food sources nearby?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predation is highest closest to the nest. 
B)  Food near the nest is usually of lower quality. 
C)  Competition for food is too intense near the nest. 
D)  There might be some plentiful food sources further away. 
A)  Predation is highest closest to the nest. 
B)  Food near the nest is usually of lower quality. 
C)  Competition for food is too intense near the nest. 
D)  There might be some plentiful food sources further away.

Question 12

How would self- sacrifice of male redback spiders be an adaptive behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Males are able to mate with one female, then mate with another female nearby, before being devoured by the first female. 
B)  The chance of a male meeting more than one female is quite low; self- sacrifice maximizes mating time with and sperm transfer to any female the male finds. 
C)  Males only use self- sacrificing behaviour once they have mated with several females and have exhausted their sperm supplies. 
D)  When males meet a female and self- sacrifice, it activates enzymes that make his sperm more fit and able to fertilize more eggs. 
A)  Males are able to mate with one female, then mate with another female nearby, before being devoured by the first female. 
B)  The chance of a male meeting more than one female is quite low; self- sacrifice maximizes mating time with and sperm transfer to any female the male finds. 
C)  Males only use self- sacrificing behaviour once they have mated with several females and have exhausted their sperm supplies. 
D)  When males meet a female and self- sacrifice, it activates enzymes that make his sperm more fit and able to fertilize more eggs.

Question 13

You observe that by flashing a small light in a particular sequence, you can attract male fireflies of a certain species. You begin to think how this signal may be used against these males. Which of the hypotheses seems to be the most logical?

Accepted Answer

A)  This particular signal will be used only by this species of firefly. 
B)  This particular signal will be used commonly by other firefly species as a way to lure males and prey on them. 
C)  This particular signal will be used rarely by other firefly species as a way to lure males and prey on them. 
D)  This particular signal will be used widely by males of this species in territorial disputes. 
A)  This particular signal will be used only by this species of firefly. 
B)  This particular signal will be used commonly by other firefly species as a way to lure males and prey on them. 
C)  This particular signal will be used rarely by other firefly species as a way to lure males and prey on them. 
D)  This particular signal will be used widely by males of this species in territorial disputes.

Question 14

How do altruistic behaviours arise through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Altruistic behaviours lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. 
B)  The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because its survivability has been enhanced by virtue of its risky behaviour. 
C)  Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behaviour genes to future generations. 
D)  By his or her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. 
A)  Altruistic behaviours lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. 
B)  The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because its survivability has been enhanced by virtue of its risky behaviour. 
C)  Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behaviour genes to future generations. 
D)  By his or her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation.

Question 15

Any process in which a signal from one individual modifies the behaviour of a recipient individual is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  perception. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  communication. 
A)  perception. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  communication.

Question 16

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation. 
B)  The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
C)  The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D)  The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E)  Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
A)  Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation. 
B)  The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
C)  The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D)  The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E)  Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it.

Question 17

Figure 50.4
-In the diagrams shown in the figure above, which dance is indicating that the food is the farthest from the hive?

Accepted Answer

A)  dance A 
B)  dance B 
C)  dance C 
D)  All of the above indicate the same distance from the hive. 
A)  dance A 
B)  dance B 
C)  dance C 
D)  All of the above indicate the same distance from the hive.

Question 18

If phototaxis is orientation toward light, what would be the proper term to describe ants following a trail of their own pheromones?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis 
B)  hormotaxis 
C)  pheromotaxis 
D)  stereotaxis 
A)  chemotaxis 
B)  hormotaxis 
C)  pheromotaxis 
D)  stereotaxis

Question 19

(a) $\text {Rates of child homicide in families with only biological parents}$

(b) $\text {Rates of child homicide in families with a stepparent}$
 
 Figure 50.5
-In the figure above, which is the most logical conclusion from the data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older children are more at risk when living with a stepparent. 
B)  All stepparents are unfit to raise nonbiological children. 
C)  Older children will not die of homicide when living with biological parents. 
D)  Young children are more at risk when living with a stepparent. 
A)  Older children are more at risk when living with a stepparent. 
B)  All stepparents are unfit to raise nonbiological children. 
C)  Older children will not die of homicide when living with biological parents. 
D)  Young children are more at risk when living with a stepparent.

Exam 50: Behavioural Ecology

Figure 50.1 -In Figure 50.1, in which quadrant would the egg- rolling behaviour of a goose be plotted?

A lizard's bobbing dewlap a colourful flap of skin hanging from an Anolis lizard's throat) is an example of a

In red- winged blackbirds, which of the following stimuli elicited the greatest territorial defence response?

Migration in birds is guided in part by

You see young spiders hatch from eggs, and, within 5 hours, they are dispersing far from their parents and forming webs. What can you hypothesize about their behaviour?

Learning has the most influence on behaviour when

Figure 50.2 -In the figure above, do the data support the hypothesis that females need spring- like light conditions to produce mature follicles?

In the case of the redback spider, would males be better off, in terms of fitness, looking for another female to mate with instead of provoking his mate to eat him?

You have captured a number of rats from a wild population and quickly surmise with tests that they are very good at avoiding food with poisons. What would best explain this observation?

Which of the following statements about imprinting is FALSE?

Based on your knowledge of cost- benefit analysis, why would you expect some white- fronted bee- eaters to fly very far away from the nests to forage when there are food sources nearby?

How would self- sacrifice of male redback spiders be an adaptive behaviour?

You observe that by flashing a small light in a particular sequence, you can attract male fireflies of a certain species. You begin to think how this signal may be used against these males. Which of the hypotheses seems to be the most logical?

How do altruistic behaviours arise through natural selection?

Any process in which a signal from one individual modifies the behaviour of a recipient individual is termed

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behaviour?

Figure 50.4 -In the diagrams shown in the figure above, which dance is indicating that the food is the farthest from the hive?

If phototaxis is orientation toward light, what would be the proper term to describe ants following a trail of their own pheromones?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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