Exam 40: Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Table 40.1 -Refer to Table 40.1: Because the shark rectal gland functions only when ATP molecules are present, what can you infer about the movement of Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^- ?

Different habitats pose certain challenges to animal survival. For instance, terrestrial insects must maintain water balance by minimizing evaporation. How do insects minimize water loss?

The products of filtration in the renal corpuscle enter the renal tubule through which of the following structures?

Water loss from insect surface is minimal due to which of the following structures?

Which of the following is an example of osmoregulation?

Figure 40.1 -Where does filtration take place in the figure above?

Reabsorption of water in the hindgut of insects is controlled by which of the following?

Freshwater fish live in a hypotonic environment. To maintain homeostasis in this environment, they must

What is the function of the shark rectal gland?

A potassium ion gradient is set up in the Malpighian tubules through an active transport process. As a result, potassium concentration is higher in the lumen of the tubules than in hemolymph. How would the potassium gradient affect water movement?

Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater. The fish then migrate to the ocean a hypertonic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to freshwater to breed. How can these organisms make the transition from freshwater to ocean water and back to freshwater?

For filtration to take place through the fenestrated capillaries of the renal corpuscle,

Marine vertebrates live in an) environment.

Why do birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste? Because uric acid

African lungfish, which are often found in small, stagnant pools of freshwater, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

There are microvilli on the luminal apical) surface of the epithelium that lines the lumen of the proximal tubule. Microvilli are structural features designed to

Freshwater fish reside in hypotonic environments. They do not drink water, and they excrete large volumes of hypotonic urine in an effort to osmoregulate. How do they obtain an adequate supply of electrolytes?

The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. This is an important feature of osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates because

How does ion composition of pre- urine differ from hemolymph?

Proper functioning of body cells and processes requires solute concentrations to be maintained within a narrow range. Which of the following solutes would be absorbed by the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron?