Question 1

Adaptations to terrestrial environments evolved independently in arthropods, mollusks, nematodes, and annelids. What logical conclusion would you make from this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  All these groups lost their coelom after moving to land. 
B)  All these groups have the same type of body plan. 
C)  All these groups have a coelom. 
D)  The common ancestor of all these groups was probably aquatic. 
A)  All these groups lost their coelom after moving to land. 
B)  All these groups have the same type of body plan. 
C)  All these groups have a coelom. 
D)  The common ancestor of all these groups was probably aquatic. D

Question 2

Of what advantage is a large surface- area- to- volume ratio to the Platyhelminthes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enables the efficient transport of gases and nutrients without specialized structures. 
B)  It enables their blood vessels to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide more efficiently. 
C)  It enables them to live in dry habitats. 
D)  It enables them to survive on very little oxygen. 
E)  None of the above are advantages. 
A)  It enables the efficient transport of gases and nutrients without specialized structures. 
B)  It enables their blood vessels to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide more efficiently. 
C)  It enables them to live in dry habitats. 
D)  It enables them to survive on very little oxygen. 
E)  None of the above are advantages. A

Question 3

Which of these mollusc features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  foot 
B)  mantle 
C)  visceral mass 
D)  none of the above 
A)  foot 
B)  mantle 
C)  visceral mass 
D)  none of the above C

Question 4

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would have trouble eating. 
B)  It would have trouble mating. 
C)  It would have trouble seeing. 
D)  It would have trouble hearing. 
E)  It would have trouble smelling. 
A)  It would have trouble eating. 
B)  It would have trouble mating. 
C)  It would have trouble seeing. 
D)  It would have trouble hearing. 
E)  It would have trouble smelling.

Question 5

Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  direction of gastrulation protostome vs. deuterostome) 
B)  number of embryonic tissue types diploblasty vs. triploblasty) 
C)  type of body cavity coelom vs. pseudocoelom vs. acoelom) 
D)  type of symmetry bilateral vs. radial vs. none) 
A)  direction of gastrulation protostome vs. deuterostome) 
B)  number of embryonic tissue types diploblasty vs. triploblasty) 
C)  type of body cavity coelom vs. pseudocoelom vs. acoelom) 
D)  type of symmetry bilateral vs. radial vs. none)

Question 6

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions).
Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spir opened or closed; opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time represented by VCOS1U1B12S1U1B0) by several species of centipedes. Figure 31.2 presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas- exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.   Figure 31.2
-Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi note the scale of the y- axis) in Figure 31.2. What is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The centipede had its spiracles open when CO2 emission peaked and closed when CO2 emission was low. 
B)  The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C)  The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO2 emission peaked and open when CO2 emission was low. 
D)  The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
A)  The centipede had its spiracles open when CO2 emission peaked and closed when CO2 emission was low. 
B)  The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C)  The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO2 emission peaked and open when CO2 emission was low. 
D)  The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.

Question 7

What do all the Lophotrochozoa phyla discussed in the text have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feed using lophophores, specialized ciliated structures. 
B)  They have members that reproduce sexually and members that reproduce asexually. 
C)  They have trochophore larvae, which swim with the aid of a ring of cilia. 
D)  They expand their bodies continuously during growth. 
E)  None of the above answers is correct. 
A)  They feed using lophophores, specialized ciliated structures. 
B)  They have members that reproduce sexually and members that reproduce asexually. 
C)  They have trochophore larvae, which swim with the aid of a ring of cilia. 
D)  They expand their bodies continuously during growth. 
E)  None of the above answers is correct.

Question 8

Nematodes and arthropods both

Accepted Answer

A)  are suspension feeders. 
B)  grow by shedding their exoskeleton. 
C)  develop an anus from the blastopore pore) formed in the gastrula stage. 
D)  are lophotrochozoans. 
E)  have ciliated larvae. 
A)  are suspension feeders. 
B)  grow by shedding their exoskeleton. 
C)  develop an anus from the blastopore pore) formed in the gastrula stage. 
D)  are lophotrochozoans. 
E)  have ciliated larvae.

Question 9

All arthropods
1) undergo complete metamorphosis.
2) have jointed appendages.
3) moult.
4) have segmented bodies.
5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 and 5 
B)  1, 2, and 3 
C)  1, 4, and 5 
D)  2, 3, 4, and 5 
E)  1, 2, and 4 
A)  3 and 5 
B)  1, 2, and 3 
C)  1, 4, and 5 
D)  2, 3, 4, and 5 
E)  1, 2, and 4

Question 10

Upon close inspection of movement in annelids and nematodes, you would notice an obvious difference. Nematodes tend to wriggle back and forth, while annelids tend to contract along their length as their girth swells and then thins out as they stretch. What anatomical feature explains this type of movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  The annelids possess longitudinal muscle fibers that the nematodes lack. 
B)  Nematodes lack a coelom. 
C)  The nematodes lack circular muscle fibers. 
D)  Annelids have a highly specialized nervous system capable of more complex movements. 
A)  The annelids possess longitudinal muscle fibers that the nematodes lack. 
B)  Nematodes lack a coelom. 
C)  The nematodes lack circular muscle fibers. 
D)  Annelids have a highly specialized nervous system capable of more complex movements.

Question 11

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of a rasp- like feeding structure 
B)  number of shell plates 
C)  production of eggs 
D)  presence of a muscular foot 
A)  presence of a rasp- like feeding structure 
B)  number of shell plates 
C)  production of eggs 
D)  presence of a muscular foot

Question 12

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions).
Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spir opened or closed; opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time represented by VCOS1U1B12S1U1B0) by several species of centipedes. Figure 31.2 presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas- exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.   Figure 31.2
-How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The centipede would not benefit at all. 
B)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to move more quickly. 
C)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to stay warmer. 
D)  Closing spiracles would allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede's tissues. 
E)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues. 
A)  The centipede would not benefit at all. 
B)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to move more quickly. 
C)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to stay warmer. 
D)  Closing spiracles would allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede's tissues. 
E)  Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues.

Question 13

The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was into

Accepted Answer

A)  diploblasts and triploblasts. 
B)  lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans. 
C)  coelomates and acoelomates. 
D)  arthropods and molluscs. 
E)  segmented and nonsegmented animals. 
A)  diploblasts and triploblasts. 
B)  lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans. 
C)  coelomates and acoelomates. 
D)  arthropods and molluscs. 
E)  segmented and nonsegmented animals.

Question 14

You find a multilegged animal in your garden and want to determine whether it is a centipede or a millipede. You take the animal to a university, where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  poisonous fangs 
B)  egg- laying 
C)  moulting 
D)  the total number of legs 
E)  segmentation 
A)  poisonous fangs 
B)  egg- laying 
C)  moulting 
D)  the total number of legs 
E)  segmentation

Question 15

Which of the following do Nematoda and Arthropoda not have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both ecdysozoans. 
B)  They grow by shedding their outer covering. 
C)  The initial pore formed in the gastrula stage becomes the mouth. 
D)  They are suspension feeders. 
A)  They are both ecdysozoans. 
B)  They grow by shedding their outer covering. 
C)  The initial pore formed in the gastrula stage becomes the mouth. 
D)  They are suspension feeders.

Question 16

Figure 31.1
-Refer to Figure 31.1. Suppose new molecular analyses indicated that the phylum Annelida had diverged from the arthropod lineage after Onychophora and Tardigrada. What would this imply about protostome evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Segmentation evolved only once within protostomes. 
B)  The annelid lineage gained and then lost the ability to molt. 
C)  The annelid lineage gained and then lost jointed limbs. 
D)  A and B 
E)  A and C 
A)  Segmentation evolved only once within protostomes. 
B)  The annelid lineage gained and then lost the ability to molt. 
C)  The annelid lineage gained and then lost jointed limbs. 
D)  A and B 
E)  A and C

Question 17

Which of the following attributes is not true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusc shells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide protection from predators. 
B)  They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
C)  They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D)  None of the above answers apply. 
A)  They provide protection from predators. 
B)  They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
C)  They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D)  None of the above answers apply.

Question 18

To which of the following terrestrial habitats would it be easiest for an aquatic animal to adapt?

Accepted Answer

A)  rain forest high temperature, high precipitation, high plant biomass) 
B)  temperate forest moderate temperature, moderate precipitation, moderate plant biomass) 
C)  subtropical desert high temperature, very low precipitation, low plant biomass) 
D)  boreal forest low temperature, low precipitation, high plant biomass) 
E)  tundra very low temperature, very low precipitation, low plant biomass) 
A)  rain forest high temperature, high precipitation, high plant biomass) 
B)  temperate forest moderate temperature, moderate precipitation, moderate plant biomass) 
C)  subtropical desert high temperature, very low precipitation, low plant biomass) 
D)  boreal forest low temperature, low precipitation, high plant biomass) 
E)  tundra very low temperature, very low precipitation, low plant biomass)

Question 19

Which one of these mollusc groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

Accepted Answer

A)  cephalopods 
B)  bivalves 
C)  chitons 
D)  gastropods 
A)  cephalopods 
B)  bivalves 
C)  chitons 
D)  gastropods

Question 20

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes, which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of a hemocoel 
B)  hydrostatic skeleton 
C)  feeding structures or mouthparts 
D)  the type of body cavity 
A)  the presence or absence of a hemocoel 
B)  hydrostatic skeleton 
C)  feeding structures or mouthparts 
D)  the type of body cavity

Exam 31: Protostome Animals

Adaptations to terrestrial environments evolved independently in arthropods, mollusks, nematodes, and annelids. What logical conclusion would you make from this statement?

Of what advantage is a large surface- area- to- volume ratio to the Platyhelminthes?

Which of these mollusc features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most diversity?

What do all the Lophotrochozoa phyla discussed in the text have in common?

Nematodes and arthropods both

All arthropods 1) undergo complete metamorphosis. 2) have jointed appendages. 3) moult. 4) have segmented bodies. 5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle.

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was into

You find a multilegged animal in your garden and want to determine whether it is a centipede or a millipede. You take the animal to a university, where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?

Which of the following do Nematoda and Arthropoda not have in common?

Figure 31.1 -Refer to Figure 31.1. Suppose new molecular analyses indicated that the phylum Annelida had diverged from the arthropod lineage after Onychophora and Tardigrada. What would this imply about protostome evolution?

Which of the following attributes is not true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusc shells?

To which of the following terrestrial habitats would it be easiest for an aquatic animal to adapt?

Which one of these mollusc groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes, which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

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Ecosystems and Global Ecology

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