Question 1

Most moss leaves do not have a cuticle, are one to two cells thick, and have no veins. What does this imply about moss leaves and their structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not have vascular tissue. 
B)  They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere. 
C)  They do not have stomata for gas exchange regulation. 
D)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  They do not have vascular tissue. 
B)  They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere. 
C)  They do not have stomata for gas exchange regulation. 
D)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of stomata?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomata open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange. 
B)  Stomata occur in all land plants and are the same as pores. 
C)  Stomata open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. 
D)  Stomata occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group. 
A)  Stomata open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange. 
B)  Stomata occur in all land plants and are the same as pores. 
C)  Stomata open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. 
D)  Stomata occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group.

Question 3

What is characteristic of tracheid cells that are mature?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
B)  They have both primary and secondary walls. 
C)  They have only secondary walls made of lignin. 
D)  They have only primary walls made of cellulose. 
E)  All of these answers apply. 
A)  They contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
B)  They have both primary and secondary walls. 
C)  They have only secondary walls made of lignin. 
D)  They have only primary walls made of cellulose. 
E)  All of these answers apply.

Question 4

Plant systematists working with angiosperm DNA have determined that

Accepted Answer

A)  monocots are not really angiosperms. 
B)  dicots are not really angiosperms. 
C)  monocots appear to have developed from more than one ancestor. 
D)  dicots appear to have developed from more than one ancestor. 
A)  monocots are not really angiosperms. 
B)  dicots are not really angiosperms. 
C)  monocots appear to have developed from more than one ancestor. 
D)  dicots appear to have developed from more than one ancestor.

Question 5

Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugation tubes are formed between sperm and egg cells. 
B)  Packets of sperm are delivered by wind to the eggs. 
C)  Flagellated sperm meet flagellated eggs in a water drop. 
D)  Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop. 
E)  Aquatic invertebrates carry sperm to eggs. 
A)  Conjugation tubes are formed between sperm and egg cells. 
B)  Packets of sperm are delivered by wind to the eggs. 
C)  Flagellated sperm meet flagellated eggs in a water drop. 
D)  Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop. 
E)  Aquatic invertebrates carry sperm to eggs.

Question 6

Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated.
1) sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
2) sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
3) gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence

Accepted Answer

A)  3 -2 -1 
B)  3 -1 -2 
C)  2 -3 -1 
D)  2 -1 -3 
E)  1 -2 -3 
A)  3 -2 -1 
B)  3 -1 -2 
C)  2 -3 -1 
D)  2 -1 -3 
E)  1 -2 -3

Question 7

The retaining of the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants

Accepted Answer

A)  allows it to be nourished by the parent plant. 
B)  helps in dispersal of the zygote. 
C)  is found only in seed plants. 
D)  protects the zygote from herbivores. 
A)  allows it to be nourished by the parent plant. 
B)  helps in dispersal of the zygote. 
C)  is found only in seed plants. 
D)  protects the zygote from herbivores.

Question 8

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it

Accepted Answer

A)  contains chloroplasts. 
B)  has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose. 
C)  is surrounded by a cuticle. 
D)  does not contain vascular tissue. 
E)  is multicellular. 
A)  contains chloroplasts. 
B)  has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose. 
C)  is surrounded by a cuticle. 
D)  does not contain vascular tissue. 
E)  is multicellular.

Question 9

To colonize, land plants had to overcome a number of difficulties. However, once this occurred, they were able to exploit more abundant resources. Which of the following resources are more plentiful on land than in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  light 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  light

Question 10

Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves. Why might their leaves be of this type?

Accepted Answer

A)  to decrease surface area for water loss 
B)  to decease surface area for gas exchange 
C)  to increase surface area for gas exchange 
D)  to increase surface area for photosynthesis 
A)  to decrease surface area for water loss 
B)  to decease surface area for gas exchange 
C)  to increase surface area for gas exchange 
D)  to increase surface area for photosynthesis

Question 11

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary 
B)  microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary 
C)  megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule 
D)  megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule 
A)  microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary 
B)  microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary 
C)  megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule 
D)  megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule

Question 12

Use the following information when answering the corresponding questions).
Scarlet gilia Ipomopsis aggregata) usually has red flowers in an inflorescence of up to 250 flowers. In certain populations in the Arizona mountains, however, the flowers range from red to pink to white. In early summer, most of the flowers were red. Six to eight weeks later, the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white, and few red flowers were present. The major pollinators early in the season were two species of hummingbirds active during the day; they emigrated to lower elevations, and the major pollinator later in the season was a hawk moth a type of moth). The hawk moth was most active at sunset and later, and it preferred light pink to white flowers after dark. When hummingbirds were present, more red flowers than white flowers produced fruit. When only hawk moths were present, more white flowers produced fruit K. N. Paige and T. G. Whitham. 1985. Individual and population shifts in flower colour by scarlet gilia: A mechanism for pollinator tracking. Science 227:315- 17).
-To perform this study, the researchers needed to count

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of pink and white flowers. 
B)  the number of hummingbirds. 
C)  the number of red flowers. 
D)  the number of hawk moths. 
E)  All of these answers apply. 
A)  the number of pink and white flowers. 
B)  the number of hummingbirds. 
C)  the number of red flowers. 
D)  the number of hawk moths. 
E)  All of these answers apply.

Question 13

Which of the following innovations is not associated with angiosperm diversification?

Accepted Answer

A)  leaves 
B)  vessel elements 
C)  fruits 
D)  flowers 
E)  All of the above were associated with angiosperm diversification. 
A)  leaves 
B)  vessel elements 
C)  fruits 
D)  flowers 
E)  All of the above were associated with angiosperm diversification.

Question 14

The vast number and variety of flowers is probably related to various kinds of

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivores. 
B)  pollinators. 
C)  seed dispersal agents. 
D)  climatic conditions. 
E)  All of these answers apply. 
A)  herbivores. 
B)  pollinators. 
C)  seed dispersal agents. 
D)  climatic conditions. 
E)  All of these answers apply.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct element of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sporophyte is diploid and produces spores. 
B)  The sporophyte is haploid and produces gametes. 
C)  The gametophyte is haploid and produces spores. 
D)  Two spores unite to form a zygote. 
E)  The gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes. 
A)  The sporophyte is diploid and produces spores. 
B)  The sporophyte is haploid and produces gametes. 
C)  The gametophyte is haploid and produces spores. 
D)  Two spores unite to form a zygote. 
E)  The gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes.

Question 16

Why do hummingbirds emigrate from this population of scarlet gilia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The flowers change from red to white, and the hummingbirds can't see them. 
B)  It gets darker on the mountainside, and the hummingbirds migrate to lower elevations where it stays light longer. 
C)  The flowers probably change their nectar production. 
D)  There is not enough information presented to answer this question. 
A)  The flowers change from red to white, and the hummingbirds can't see them. 
B)  It gets darker on the mountainside, and the hummingbirds migrate to lower elevations where it stays light longer. 
C)  The flowers probably change their nectar production. 
D)  There is not enough information presented to answer this question.

Question 17

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats

Accepted Answer

A)  in conjunction with insects that pollinated them. 
B)  from marine habitats. 
C)  only about 150 million years ago. 
D)  in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil. 
A)  in conjunction with insects that pollinated them. 
B)  from marine habitats. 
C)  only about 150 million years ago. 
D)  in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil.

Question 18

Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously coloured. What does this indicate about their pollination?

Accepted Answer

A)  They self- fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another. 
B)  They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances. 
C)  They are wind pollinated. 
D)  Their pollinating insects are colour blind. 
A)  They self- fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another. 
B)  They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances. 
C)  They are wind pollinated. 
D)  Their pollinating insects are colour blind.

Question 19

Why have seed banks been established?

Accepted Answer

A)  to serve as a store of seeds for the next growing seasons 
B)  to serve as a store of genetic diversity of crop plants 
C)  to serve as a store of seeds before they are sold at market 
D)  All of these answers apply. 
A)  to serve as a store of seeds for the next growing seasons 
B)  to serve as a store of genetic diversity of crop plants 
C)  to serve as a store of seeds before they are sold at market 
D)  All of these answers apply.

Question 20

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants long used by humans as staple foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection 
B)  pesticide and herbicide application 
C)  natural selection 
D)  sexual selection 
E)  genetic engineering 
A)  artificial selection 
B)  pesticide and herbicide application 
C)  natural selection 
D)  sexual selection 
E)  genetic engineering

Exam 28: Green Algae and Land Plants

Most moss leaves do not have a cuticle, are one to two cells thick, and have no veins. What does this imply about moss leaves and their structure?

Which of the following is true of stomata?

What is characteristic of tracheid cells that are mature?

Plant systematists working with angiosperm DNA have determined that

Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated. 1) sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence 2) sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence 3) gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence

The retaining of the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it

To colonize, land plants had to overcome a number of difficulties. However, once this occurred, they were able to exploit more abundant resources. Which of the following resources are more plentiful on land than in water?

Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves. Why might their leaves be of this type?

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

Which of the following innovations is not associated with angiosperm diversification?

The vast number and variety of flowers is probably related to various kinds of

Which of the following is a correct element of alternation of generations?

Why do hummingbirds emigrate from this population of scarlet gilia?

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats

Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously coloured. What does this indicate about their pollination?

Why have seed banks been established?

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants long used by humans as staple foods?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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