Question 1

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  root cap 
B)  zone of cellular division 
C)  zone of cellular maturation 
D)  zone of cellular elongation 
E)  mucigel 
A)  root cap 
B)  zone of cellular division 
C)  zone of cellular maturation 
D)  zone of cellular elongation 
E)  mucigel

Question 2

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth in height 
B)  development of wood and bark 
C)  development of fruit 
D)  development of leaves and flowers 
E)  growth of herbaceous tissue 
A)  growth in height 
B)  development of wood and bark 
C)  development of fruit 
D)  development of leaves and flowers 
E)  growth of herbaceous tissue

Question 3

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is

Accepted Answer

A)  soil via the phloem. 
B)  soil via the xylem. 
C)  the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  soil via the phloem. 
B)  soil via the xylem. 
C)  the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be gritty stone cells in pears and hard cells in nutshells. 
B)  Like parenchyma and collenchyma, they all contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
C)  Long fibers are used in products such as hemp rope, linen, ramie, and paper. 
D)  They are the main support and water- transport cells in woody plants. 
E)  Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose. 
A)  They can be gritty stone cells in pears and hard cells in nutshells. 
B)  Like parenchyma and collenchyma, they all contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
C)  Long fibers are used in products such as hemp rope, linen, ramie, and paper. 
D)  They are the main support and water- transport cells in woody plants. 
E)  Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose.

Question 5

Wood is an accumulation of

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary phloem. 
B)  primary xylem. 
C)  primary phloem. 
D)  secondary xylem. 
E)  vascular bundles. 
A)  secondary phloem. 
B)  primary xylem. 
C)  primary phloem. 
D)  secondary xylem. 
E)  vascular bundles.

Question 6

Genetically identical plant species can exhibit varying root structures depending on their environment. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  parasitism 
C)  phenotypic plasticity 
D)  a mutation 
A)  natural selection 
B)  parasitism 
C)  phenotypic plasticity 
D)  a mutation

Question 7

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the main cells involved with transpiration. 
B)  They produce outgrowths called root hairs. 
C)  They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
D)  They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
E)  They subdivided into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma. 
A)  They are the main cells involved with transpiration. 
B)  They produce outgrowths called root hairs. 
C)  They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
D)  They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
E)  They subdivided into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, collenchyma, or sclerenchyma.

Question 8

You have been told that Canada thistle is a weed that spreads via growth from lateral roots. You want to use a root miner insect for weed control. What would you look for to verify that this weed spreads via lateral roots and not by underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue 
B)  meristematic tissue at the tips of the branches 
C)  vascular bundles in a ring around the outside of a cross section 
D)  an epidermis at the periphery 
A)  a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue 
B)  meristematic tissue at the tips of the branches 
C)  vascular bundles in a ring around the outside of a cross section 
D)  an epidermis at the periphery

Question 9

The veins of leaves are

Accepted Answer

A)  finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells. 
B)  composed of xylem and phloem. 
C)  continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells. 
B)  composed of xylem and phloem. 
C)  continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 10

Suppose a leaf, seed, and root were composed of 64 cells each. Arrange each structure in order of increasing surface area/volume ratio.

Accepted Answer

A)  seed < leaf = root 
B)  seed < root < leaf 
C)  seed = root = leaf 
D)  leaf < root < seed 
E)  root < seed < leaf 
A)  seed < leaf = root 
B)  seed < root < leaf 
C)  seed = root = leaf 
D)  leaf < root < seed 
E)  root < seed < leaf

Question 11

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

Accepted Answer

A)  immature buds and leaves 
B)  protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium 
C)  the region of cell division 
D)  all of the above 
A)  immature buds and leaves 
B)  protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium 
C)  the region of cell division 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Two lateral meristems in plants are

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem. 
B)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork. 
C)  vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem. 
D)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem. 
A)  vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem. 
B)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork. 
C)  vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem. 
D)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem.

Question 13

Imagine that you bought three identical young tomato plants. One you put to grow in the sunny location in tranquil part of your garden, one on the windy and sunny hill nearby, and one in the shady part of the garden. How will these plants look in two months' time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first one will be a medium size, the second one will be spindly with big leaves, and the third one will be short with small leaves. 
B)  The first one will be spindly with big leaves, the second one will be short with small leaves, and the third one will be a medium size. 
C)  The first one will be a medium size, the second one will be short with small leaves, and the third one will be spindly with big leaves. 
D)  The first one will be short with small leaves, the second one will be a medium size, and the third one will be spindly with big leaves. 
E)  The plants will be indistinguishable because they were identical when planted. 
A)  The first one will be a medium size, the second one will be spindly with big leaves, and the third one will be short with small leaves. 
B)  The first one will be spindly with big leaves, the second one will be short with small leaves, and the third one will be a medium size. 
C)  The first one will be a medium size, the second one will be short with small leaves, and the third one will be spindly with big leaves. 
D)  The first one will be short with small leaves, the second one will be a medium size, and the third one will be spindly with big leaves. 
E)  The plants will be indistinguishable because they were identical when planted.

Question 14

In an annual ring, the first- formed cells in the spring are large; the ring looks light because you are seeing open cavities of the tracheids and vessel elements). The darker part of the annual ring is wood formed in the summer, and the diameter of the cells formed is smaller. Which kind of wood is probably stronger? Why? Where is the fall and winter wood?

Accepted Answer

Summer wood is probably strong

Question 15

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A)  The youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
B)  The youngest wood is in the center of a tree; the youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
C)  The youngest wood is in the center of a tree; the youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
D)  The youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
A)  The youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
B)  The youngest wood is in the center of a tree; the youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
C)  The youngest wood is in the center of a tree; the youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
D)  The youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark.

Question 16

The center of many stems contains only parenchyma cells; it is therefore best called a

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal tissue. 
B)  complex tissue. 
C)  simple tissue. 
D)  meristematic tissue. 
E)  vascular tissue. 
A)  dermal tissue. 
B)  complex tissue. 
C)  simple tissue. 
D)  meristematic tissue. 
E)  vascular tissue.

Question 17

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. Which hypothesis best explains the extensive surface area of roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  provides structure for vascular tissue in the roots 
B)  provides good anchoring ability of the root system 
C)  needed to store sugars for overwintering capability 
D)  needed for contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption 
A)  provides structure for vascular tissue in the roots 
B)  provides good anchoring ability of the root system 
C)  needed to store sugars for overwintering capability 
D)  needed for contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption

Question 18

What best describes the shape of the entire vascular cambium system in trees? Visualizing a pine tree helps with this question.

Accepted Answer

A)  hollow cylinder with a smaller diameter at the top of the tree 
B)  hollow cylinder with a smaller diameter at the base of the tree 
C)  solid column of cells with a smaller diameter at the top of the tree 
D)  solid column of cells with a smaller diameter at the base of the tree 
A)  hollow cylinder with a smaller diameter at the top of the tree 
B)  hollow cylinder with a smaller diameter at the base of the tree 
C)  solid column of cells with a smaller diameter at the top of the tree 
D)  solid column of cells with a smaller diameter at the base of the tree

Question 19

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are 
C)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
D)  nowhere; trees have only secondary growth 
A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are 
C)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
D)  nowhere; trees have only secondary growth

Exam 34: Plant Form and Function

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

Wood is an accumulation of

Genetically identical plant species can exhibit varying root structures depending on their environment. What is this an example of?

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

You have been told that Canada thistle is a weed that spreads via growth from lateral roots. You want to use a root miner insect for weed control. What would you look for to verify that this weed spreads via lateral roots and not by underground stems?

The veins of leaves are

Suppose a leaf, seed, and root were composed of 64 cells each. Arrange each structure in order of increasing surface area/volume ratio.

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

Two lateral meristems in plants are

Imagine that you bought three identical young tomato plants. One you put to grow in the sunny location in tranquil part of your garden, one on the windy and sunny hill nearby, and one in the shady part of the garden. How will these plants look in two months' time?

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

The center of many stems contains only parenchyma cells; it is therefore best called a

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. Which hypothesis best explains the extensive surface area of roots?

What best describes the shape of the entire vascular cambium system in trees? Visualizing a pine tree helps with this question.

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters