Question 1

What is a typical habitat for carnivorous plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  tundra 
B)  bog 
C)  woodlands 
D)  mangrove 
E)  desert 
A)  tundra 
B)  bog 
C)  woodlands 
D)  mangrove 
E)  desert

Question 2

Give two reasons that relatively few plants thrive in bogs.

Accepted Answer

1) Concentrations of available

Question 3

What type of soil is most difficult for roots to penetrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  clay 
B)  gravel 
C)  humus 
D)  sand 
E)  silt 
A)  clay 
B)  gravel 
C)  humus 
D)  sand 
E)  silt

Question 4

After mutagenesis, the bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti became unable to colonize Medicago truncatula plants due to the absence of recognition by the host plant. Which of the following genes is most likely the site of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nod factors 
B)  peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall 
C)  flavonoid- synthesizing enzyme 
D)  leghemoglobin 
E)  nitrogenase 
A)  Nod factors 
B)  peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall 
C)  flavonoid- synthesizing enzyme 
D)  leghemoglobin 
E)  nitrogenase

Question 5

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  more developed 
B)  absent 
C)  less developed 
D)  the same 
A)  more developed 
B)  absent 
C)  less developed 
D)  the same

Question 6

Which of the following binds to clay particles?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium and nitrate ions 
B)  nitrate ions 
C)  phosphoric acid 
D)  potassium ions 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  potassium and nitrate ions 
B)  nitrate ions 
C)  phosphoric acid 
D)  potassium ions 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 7

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
B)  Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
C)  Nitrogen- fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. 
D)  Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
E)  Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
A)  Fixed nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
B)  Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
C)  Nitrogen- fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. 
D)  Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
E)  Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes.

Question 8

To determine the requirement of chlorine for plant growth, you decided to perform a hydroponic experiment. What solution are you going to use to grow control plants for comparison with chlorine- derived plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  water with micronutrients and chlorine 
B)  water with essential elements 
C)  water with macronutrients and chlorine 
D)  water with chlorine 
E)  pure water 
A)  water with micronutrients and chlorine 
B)  water with essential elements 
C)  water with macronutrients and chlorine 
D)  water with chlorine 
E)  pure water

Question 9

The micronutrient iron is abundant in soil, but often unavailable to plants due to insolubility. Knowing that the reaction FeOH)3 + 3H+ -Fe3+ + 3H2O occurs, and assuming all soil samples have same total amount of iron in them, which type of soil would you predict to have the highest amount of soluble iron?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic 
B)  neutral 
C)  alkaline 
D)  The amount of iron in soil does not depend on pH. 
A)  acidic 
B)  neutral 
C)  alkaline 
D)  The amount of iron in soil does not depend on pH.

Question 10

After mutagenesis and screening, you have found a mutant that is able to grow in soil with high salt content. Chemical analysis showed that this plant has a decreased amount of Na+ relative to normal plants. What kind of mutation do you predict this plant contains?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation in the plasma membrane sodium channel 
B)  mutation within the Casparian strip 
C)  mutation in the tonoplast sodium channel 
D)  mutation in the metallothioneins 
E)  mutation in the tonoplast antiporter 
A)  mutation in the plasma membrane sodium channel 
B)  mutation within the Casparian strip 
C)  mutation in the tonoplast sodium channel 
D)  mutation in the metallothioneins 
E)  mutation in the tonoplast antiporter

Question 11

Which of the following experiments is able to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring the amount of the element in the soil before and after plant growth 
B)  growth of a plant by hydroponics without an element 
C)  measuring the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth 
D)  chemical analysis of plant ash 
E)  all of the above 
A)  measuring the amount of the element in the soil before and after plant growth 
B)  growth of a plant by hydroponics without an element 
C)  measuring the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth 
D)  chemical analysis of plant ash 
E)  all of the above

Question 12

Where are ion channels localized?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm 
B)  on the intracellular surface of plasma membranes 
C)  inside the nucleus 
D)  spanning plasma membranes 
E)  on the extracellular surface of plasma membranes 
A)  in the cytoplasm 
B)  on the intracellular surface of plasma membranes 
C)  inside the nucleus 
D)  spanning plasma membranes 
E)  on the extracellular surface of plasma membranes

Question 13

In an experiment, you find that the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the soil improves the growth rate of tomato plants. Which of the following conclusions are supported by your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyphae of fungi were able to penetrate the walls of the tomato root cells. 
B)  Tomato plants associate with mycorrhizal fungi. 
C)  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can supply tomato plants with nutrients and water. 
D)  The soil used was deficient in nitrogen or phosphorus. 
E)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  Hyphae of fungi were able to penetrate the walls of the tomato root cells. 
B)  Tomato plants associate with mycorrhizal fungi. 
C)  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can supply tomato plants with nutrients and water. 
D)  The soil used was deficient in nitrogen or phosphorus. 
E)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 14

$\text {Elemental analysis of wild-type (WT)}$
$\text { and irt1-1 roots. Plants were grown in}$
$\text { the presence $( + \mathrm { Fe } )$ or absence $( - \mathrm { Fe } )$}$
$\text { of iron for 5 days. DW $=$ dry weight}$
 
 Figure 36.2
-Which of the following is being replenished when carnivorous plants trap and digest small animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy 
B)  lipids and steroids 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  nitrogen and other minerals 
E)  water 
A)  energy 
B)  lipids and steroids 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  nitrogen and other minerals 
E)  water

Question 15

You want to grow a plant that prefers neutral pH in a limestone soil. What should you add to the soil to improve plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  aluminum hydroxide [AlOH)3 + 2H+ -AlOH)2+ + 2H2O] 
B)  potassium nitrate KNO3 -K+ + NO3- ) 
C)  sulfur S + H2O + 3/2 O2 -2 H+ + SO42- ) 
D)  calcium carbonate CaCO3 + H2O -HCO3- + Ca2+ + OH- ) 
A)  aluminum hydroxide [AlOH)3 + 2H+ -AlOH)2+ + 2H2O] 
B)  potassium nitrate KNO3 -K+ + NO3- ) 
C)  sulfur S + H2O + 3/2 O2 -2 H+ + SO42- ) 
D)  calcium carbonate CaCO3 + H2O -HCO3- + Ca2+ + OH- )

Question 16

-Iron shortage is the most common human nutritional deficiency in the world. Plants are the major source of iron in most diets, so researchers are interested in understanding their mechanism of iron intake and in developing iron- rich crops. Recently, researchers showed Vert et al., IRT1, an Arabidopsis transporter essential for iron uptake from the soil and for plant growth. Plant Cell 14 [2002]:1223- 33) that under iron- deficient conditions, the IRT1 gene is responsible for most of the iron uptake activity in roots. To demonstrate the importance of IRT1 for iron accumulation, researchers measured leaf iron content in irt1- 1 mutants containing deactivated IRT1. Mutant plants were grown in iron- poor soil irt1- 1 in graph) and soil rich with iron irt1- 1 +Fe in graph).
Wild- type WT) plants grown in iron- poor soil were used as a control. Which of the graphs represent the data researchers might have received in their experiment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-Iron shortage is the most common...

Question 17

Which elements are responsible for the greater part of plant wet weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, nitrogen, oxygen 
C)  carbon, oxygen, hydrogen 
D)  oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus 
E)  carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus 
A)  oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, nitrogen, oxygen 
C)  carbon, oxygen, hydrogen 
D)  oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus 
E)  carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

Exam 36: Plant Nutrition

What is a typical habitat for carnivorous plants?

Give two reasons that relatively few plants thrive in bogs.

What type of soil is most difficult for roots to penetrate?

After mutagenesis, the bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti became unable to colonize Medicago truncatula plants due to the absence of recognition by the host plant. Which of the following genes is most likely the site of mutation?

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in soil?

Which of the following binds to clay particles?

Why is nitrogen fixation an essential process?

To determine the requirement of chlorine for plant growth, you decided to perform a hydroponic experiment. What solution are you going to use to grow control plants for comparison with chlorine- derived plants?

After mutagenesis and screening, you have found a mutant that is able to grow in soil with high salt content. Chemical analysis showed that this plant has a decreased amount of Na+ relative to normal plants. What kind of mutation do you predict this plant contains?

Which of the following experiments is able to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

Where are ion channels localized?

In an experiment, you find that the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the soil improves the growth rate of tomato plants. Which of the following conclusions are supported by your experiment?

You want to grow a plant that prefers neutral pH in a limestone soil. What should you add to the soil to improve plant growth?

Which elements are responsible for the greater part of plant wet weight?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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After mutagenesis and screening, you have found a mutant that is able to grow in soil with high salt content. Chemical analysis showed that this plant has a decreased amount of Na⁺relative to normal plants. What kind of mutation do you predict this plant contains?