Exam 43: Animal Nervous Systems

If you experimentally increase the concentration of K⁺ inside a cell, while maintaining other ion concentrations as they were, what would happen to the cell's membrane potential?

Most synapses found so far in the mammalian central nervous system CNS) are classified as chemical rather than electrical.

Which of the following manipulations would reduce the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron terminal?

What would probably happen if a long neuron had one continuous myelin sheath down the length of the axon with no nodes of Ranvier?

Neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory. Which of the following neurotransmitters usually have an inhibitory effect on the post- synaptic cell?

Upon witnessing a robber hold up a convenience store at gunpoint, which of the following reactions would your nervous system initiate?

A large meal is likely to result in activity in which set of nerves?

Figure 43.1 -Which letter on Figure 43.1 corresponds to a large influx of Na⁺ ions into the cell?

If a disease or disorder interferes with learning and memory, which of the following should the mechanism of the disease should involve?

Neurotransmitter is released

A toxin that binds specifically to voltage- gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to

Stem cell transplants may someday be used to treat Parkinson's disease. Researchers are hopeful that these cells would alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by

Which of the following statements about action potentials is FALSE?

The squid giant axon is approximately 500 µm in diameter compared to 2µm for a typical human axon). Due to the size of the axon,

The concentrations of ions are very different inside and outside a nerve cell due to

If the sodium- potassium pump were inactivated by a drug, what would happen to the neuron's membrane potential?

Tetrodotoxin blocks voltage- gated sodium channels and ouabain blocks sodium- potassium pumps. If you added both tetrodotoxin and ouabain to a solution containing neural tissue, what responses would you expect?

Figure 43.1 -Which letter in Figure 43.1 corresponds to a large efflux of K⁺ ions from the cell?

A neurophysiologist is investigating nerve reflexes in two different animals-a crab and a fish. Action potentials are found to pass more rapidly along the fish's neurons. What is the most likely explanation?

The depolarization phase of an action potential requires